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The benefits of foliar inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in soybean are explained by an auxin signaling model
Azospirillum sp. is one of the most studied genera of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The ability of Azospirillum sp. to promote plant growth has been associated with its ability to produce several phytohormones, such as auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins, but mainly indole-3-acetic ac...
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Published in: | Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.) Pa.), 2018-09, Vol.76 (1), p.41-49 |
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creator | Puente, Mariana L. Gualpa, José L. Lopez, Gastón A. Molina, Romina M. Carletti, Susana M. Cassán, Fabricio D. |
description | Azospirillum
sp. is one of the most studied genera of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The ability of
Azospirillum
sp. to promote plant growth has been associated with its ability to produce several phytohormones, such as auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins, but mainly indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). It has been propoosed that the production of IAA explains the positive effects of co-inoculation with
Azospirillum
sp. on the rhizobia-legume symbiosis. In this study, we constructed an IAA-deficient mutant of
A. brasilense
Az39 (
ipdC
−
) by using a restriction-free cloning method. We inoculated soybean seeds with 1·10
6
cfu·seed
−1
of
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
E109 and co-inoculating leaves at the V3 stage with 1·10
8
cfu.plant
−1
of
A. brasilense
Az39 wt or
ipdC
−
or inoculated leaves with 20 μg.plant
−1
synthetic IAA. The results confirmed soybean growth promotion as there was increased total plant and root length, aerial and root dry weight, number of nodules on the primary root, and an increase in the symbiosis established with
B. japonicum
E109. Nodule weight also increased after foliar co-inoculation with the IAA- producer
A. brasilense
Az39. The exogenous application of IAA decreased aerial and root length, as well as the number of nodules on primary roots in comparison with the Az39 wt strain. These results allow us to propose a biological model of response to foliar co-inoculation of soybean with IAA-producing rhizobacteria. This model clearly shows that both the presence of microorganism as part of the colonization process and the production of IAA in situ are co-responsible, via plant signaling molecules, for the positive effects on plant growth and symbiosis establishment. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s13199-017-0536-x |
format | article |
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sp. is one of the most studied genera of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The ability of
Azospirillum
sp. to promote plant growth has been associated with its ability to produce several phytohormones, such as auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins, but mainly indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). It has been propoosed that the production of IAA explains the positive effects of co-inoculation with
Azospirillum
sp. on the rhizobia-legume symbiosis. In this study, we constructed an IAA-deficient mutant of
A. brasilense
Az39 (
ipdC
−
) by using a restriction-free cloning method. We inoculated soybean seeds with 1·10
6
cfu·seed
−1
of
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
E109 and co-inoculating leaves at the V3 stage with 1·10
8
cfu.plant
−1
of
A. brasilense
Az39 wt or
ipdC
−
or inoculated leaves with 20 μg.plant
−1
synthetic IAA. The results confirmed soybean growth promotion as there was increased total plant and root length, aerial and root dry weight, number of nodules on the primary root, and an increase in the symbiosis established with
B. japonicum
E109. Nodule weight also increased after foliar co-inoculation with the IAA- producer
A. brasilense
Az39. The exogenous application of IAA decreased aerial and root length, as well as the number of nodules on primary roots in comparison with the Az39 wt strain. These results allow us to propose a biological model of response to foliar co-inoculation of soybean with IAA-producing rhizobacteria. This model clearly shows that both the presence of microorganism as part of the colonization process and the production of IAA in situ are co-responsible, via plant signaling molecules, for the positive effects on plant growth and symbiosis establishment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0334-5114</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-7665</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0536-x</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Auxins ; Azospirillum brasilense ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Colonization ; Cytokinins ; Deficient mutant ; Developmental Biology ; Ecology ; Evolutionary Biology ; Gibberellins ; Glycine max ; Indoleacetic acid ; Inoculation ; Leaves ; Life Sciences ; Microbiology ; Plant growth ; Plant Sciences ; Root nodules ; Seeds ; Soybeans ; Symbiosis</subject><ispartof>Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2018-09, Vol.76 (1), p.41-49</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2017</rights><rights>Copyright Springer Science & Business Media 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c316t-92140822cd4a8a8d3d54f7de28917f78b334b7a0465fb82451a3967d430313bc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c316t-92140822cd4a8a8d3d54f7de28917f78b334b7a0465fb82451a3967d430313bc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Puente, Mariana L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gualpa, José L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopez, Gastón A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molina, Romina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carletti, Susana M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cassán, Fabricio D.</creatorcontrib><title>The benefits of foliar inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in soybean are explained by an auxin signaling model</title><title>Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.)</title><addtitle>Symbiosis</addtitle><description>Azospirillum
sp. is one of the most studied genera of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The ability of
Azospirillum
sp. to promote plant growth has been associated with its ability to produce several phytohormones, such as auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins, but mainly indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). It has been propoosed that the production of IAA explains the positive effects of co-inoculation with
Azospirillum
sp. on the rhizobia-legume symbiosis. In this study, we constructed an IAA-deficient mutant of
A. brasilense
Az39 (
ipdC
−
) by using a restriction-free cloning method. We inoculated soybean seeds with 1·10
6
cfu·seed
−1
of
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
E109 and co-inoculating leaves at the V3 stage with 1·10
8
cfu.plant
−1
of
A. brasilense
Az39 wt or
ipdC
−
or inoculated leaves with 20 μg.plant
−1
synthetic IAA. The results confirmed soybean growth promotion as there was increased total plant and root length, aerial and root dry weight, number of nodules on the primary root, and an increase in the symbiosis established with
B. japonicum
E109. Nodule weight also increased after foliar co-inoculation with the IAA- producer
A. brasilense
Az39. The exogenous application of IAA decreased aerial and root length, as well as the number of nodules on primary roots in comparison with the Az39 wt strain. These results allow us to propose a biological model of response to foliar co-inoculation of soybean with IAA-producing rhizobacteria. This model clearly shows that both the presence of microorganism as part of the colonization process and the production of IAA in situ are co-responsible, via plant signaling molecules, for the positive effects on plant growth and symbiosis establishment.</description><subject>Auxins</subject><subject>Azospirillum brasilense</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</subject><subject>Colonization</subject><subject>Cytokinins</subject><subject>Deficient mutant</subject><subject>Developmental Biology</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Evolutionary Biology</subject><subject>Gibberellins</subject><subject>Glycine max</subject><subject>Indoleacetic acid</subject><subject>Inoculation</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Root nodules</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Soybeans</subject><subject>Symbiosis</subject><issn>0334-5114</issn><issn>1878-7665</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kE1LxDAYhIMouK7-AG8Bz9F8tEl6XBa_QPCynkPaprtZsklNWuz6601ZwZOnF16eGWYGgFuC7wnG4iERRqoKYSIQLhlH0xlYECkkEpyX52CBGStQSUhxCa5S2mPMCGd8AYbNzsDaeNPZIcHQwS44qyO0PjSj04MNHn7ZYQdX3yH1NlrnxgOso07WGZ9MBmEKx9poD3U00Ey909abFtZHOP_GaSbs1mtn_RYeQmvcNbjotEvm5vcuwcfT42b9gt7en1_XqzfU5HQDqigpsKS0aQsttWxZWxadaA2VFRGdkHXuVAuNC152taRFSTSruGgLltuxumFLcHfy7WP4HE0a1D6MMSdJimLJBa04rTJFTlQTQ0rRdKqP9qDjURGs5nHVaVyVx1XzuGrKGnrSpMz6rYl_zv-LfgAsaX4h</recordid><startdate>20180901</startdate><enddate>20180901</enddate><creator>Puente, Mariana L.</creator><creator>Gualpa, José L.</creator><creator>Lopez, Gastón A.</creator><creator>Molina, Romina M.</creator><creator>Carletti, Susana M.</creator><creator>Cassán, Fabricio D.</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180901</creationdate><title>The benefits of foliar inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in soybean are explained by an auxin signaling model</title><author>Puente, Mariana L. ; Gualpa, José L. ; Lopez, Gastón A. ; Molina, Romina M. ; Carletti, Susana M. ; Cassán, Fabricio D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c316t-92140822cd4a8a8d3d54f7de28917f78b334b7a0465fb82451a3967d430313bc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Auxins</topic><topic>Azospirillum brasilense</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</topic><topic>Colonization</topic><topic>Cytokinins</topic><topic>Deficient mutant</topic><topic>Developmental Biology</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Evolutionary Biology</topic><topic>Gibberellins</topic><topic>Glycine max</topic><topic>Indoleacetic acid</topic><topic>Inoculation</topic><topic>Leaves</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Plant growth</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Root nodules</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Soybeans</topic><topic>Symbiosis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Puente, Mariana L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gualpa, José L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopez, Gastón A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molina, Romina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carletti, Susana M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cassán, Fabricio D.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Puente, Mariana L.</au><au>Gualpa, José L.</au><au>Lopez, Gastón A.</au><au>Molina, Romina M.</au><au>Carletti, Susana M.</au><au>Cassán, Fabricio D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The benefits of foliar inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in soybean are explained by an auxin signaling model</atitle><jtitle>Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.)</jtitle><stitle>Symbiosis</stitle><date>2018-09-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>41</spage><epage>49</epage><pages>41-49</pages><issn>0334-5114</issn><eissn>1878-7665</eissn><abstract>Azospirillum
sp. is one of the most studied genera of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The ability of
Azospirillum
sp. to promote plant growth has been associated with its ability to produce several phytohormones, such as auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins, but mainly indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). It has been propoosed that the production of IAA explains the positive effects of co-inoculation with
Azospirillum
sp. on the rhizobia-legume symbiosis. In this study, we constructed an IAA-deficient mutant of
A. brasilense
Az39 (
ipdC
−
) by using a restriction-free cloning method. We inoculated soybean seeds with 1·10
6
cfu·seed
−1
of
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
E109 and co-inoculating leaves at the V3 stage with 1·10
8
cfu.plant
−1
of
A. brasilense
Az39 wt or
ipdC
−
or inoculated leaves with 20 μg.plant
−1
synthetic IAA. The results confirmed soybean growth promotion as there was increased total plant and root length, aerial and root dry weight, number of nodules on the primary root, and an increase in the symbiosis established with
B. japonicum
E109. Nodule weight also increased after foliar co-inoculation with the IAA- producer
A. brasilense
Az39. The exogenous application of IAA decreased aerial and root length, as well as the number of nodules on primary roots in comparison with the Az39 wt strain. These results allow us to propose a biological model of response to foliar co-inoculation of soybean with IAA-producing rhizobacteria. This model clearly shows that both the presence of microorganism as part of the colonization process and the production of IAA in situ are co-responsible, via plant signaling molecules, for the positive effects on plant growth and symbiosis establishment.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s13199-017-0536-x</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Auxins Azospirillum brasilense Biomedical and Life Sciences Bradyrhizobium japonicum Colonization Cytokinins Deficient mutant Developmental Biology Ecology Evolutionary Biology Gibberellins Glycine max Indoleacetic acid Inoculation Leaves Life Sciences Microbiology Plant growth Plant Sciences Root nodules Seeds Soybeans Symbiosis |
title | The benefits of foliar inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in soybean are explained by an auxin signaling model |
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