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Risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A through consumption of different Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars collected from four geographical regions of Iran

•Among five cultivars collected from four pistachio cultivation zones in Iran, Ahmad-aghaei and Akbari collected from Rafsanjan, had the highest levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA).•Generally, in all cultivars, AFB1 and OTA levels were below standard limits set by the European Union...

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Published in:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 2018-07, Vol.61, p.61-66
Main Authors: Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh, Rezaee, Ramin, Davarynejad, Gholamhossein, Asili, Javad, Nemati, Seyed Hossein, Goumenou, Marina, Tsakiris, Ioannis, Tsatsakis, Aristides M., Shirani, Kobra, Karimi, Gholamreza
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container_title Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
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creator Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh
Rezaee, Ramin
Davarynejad, Gholamhossein
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Tsakiris, Ioannis
Tsatsakis, Aristides M.
Shirani, Kobra
Karimi, Gholamreza
description •Among five cultivars collected from four pistachio cultivation zones in Iran, Ahmad-aghaei and Akbari collected from Rafsanjan, had the highest levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA).•Generally, in all cultivars, AFB1 and OTA levels were below standard limits set by the European Union authorities.•Hazard index (HI) for Iranian consumers of pistachio was
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.010
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Iran is one of the main suppliers of pistachio for the European market accounting for over 90% of its demands; hence, efficient analytical methods are required for detection of mycotoxins contamination in pistachio kernels before exporting them. In this study, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in five pistachio cultivars collected from four sites of Iran, were measured by HPLC. Based on the results, risk assessment for AFB1 and OTA residues was done. The highest mean concentrations of AFB1 and OTA were found in Ahmad-aghaei (4.33 and 2.19 ng/g, respectively) and Akbari (4.08 and 1.943 ng/g, respectively) cultivars from Rafsanjan, Iran. Even the highest concentrations of AFB1 and OTA in analyzed samples were lower than the corresponding maximum limits set by EU authorities. The hazard index (HI) value for consumers of Iranian pistachio is below one. It could be concluded that consumption of pistachio cultivated in these regions poses no health risk of mycotoxins exposure.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1382-6689</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7077</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.010</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29852370</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Aflatoxin B1 ; Agricultural commodities ; Analytical methods ; Cereals ; Contamination ; Cultivars ; Exposure ; Health risks ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Mycotoxins ; Ochratoxin A ; Pistachio safety ; Pistacia vera ; Risk assessment</subject><ispartof>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 2018-07, Vol.61, p.61-66</ispartof><rights>2018 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. 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Iran is one of the main suppliers of pistachio for the European market accounting for over 90% of its demands; hence, efficient analytical methods are required for detection of mycotoxins contamination in pistachio kernels before exporting them. In this study, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in five pistachio cultivars collected from four sites of Iran, were measured by HPLC. Based on the results, risk assessment for AFB1 and OTA residues was done. The highest mean concentrations of AFB1 and OTA were found in Ahmad-aghaei (4.33 and 2.19 ng/g, respectively) and Akbari (4.08 and 1.943 ng/g, respectively) cultivars from Rafsanjan, Iran. Even the highest concentrations of AFB1 and OTA in analyzed samples were lower than the corresponding maximum limits set by EU authorities. The hazard index (HI) value for consumers of Iranian pistachio is below one. It could be concluded that consumption of pistachio cultivated in these regions poses no health risk of mycotoxins exposure.</description><subject>Aflatoxin B1</subject><subject>Agricultural commodities</subject><subject>Analytical methods</subject><subject>Cereals</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Cultivars</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>High-performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Mycotoxins</subject><subject>Ochratoxin A</subject><subject>Pistachio safety</subject><subject>Pistacia vera</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><issn>1382-6689</issn><issn>1872-7077</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc2q1TAUhYMo3h99AQcScKKD1vy0aQpOrhevXjigiI5Dmu6c5tg2NUkP1wfz_Uw5R4eOsglrfdlZC6EXlJSUUPH2UELSS8kIlSWpS0LJI3RJZcOKhjTN4zxzyQohZHuBrmI8EEJrzuVTdMFaWTPekEv0-6uLP7COEWKcYE7YWwwPi49rAJw81nbUyT-4Gb-nWM899mYI55sbnIbg1_2AjZ_jOi3J-XkD9M5aCBvti4tJm8F5_Po0Oo2PEDTelW-wWcfkjjrE7B9HMAl6bIOfsPVrwHvw-6CXwRk94gD7zI4b_D7o-Rl6YvUY4fn5vEbf7z58u_1U7D5_vL-92RWGyyoVTVeBBGY6wUXNmk6QmrO2obJjvOqYZS3TrCVG91UlGOeE6pyekL3kJFsFv0avTtwl-J8rxKQOebU5P6kYkVLmgCueVeykMsHHGMCqJbhJh1-KErU1pQ5qa0ptTSlSq9xUNr08o9dugv6f5W81WfDuJID8waODoKJxMBvoXchZqd67__H_AFGXprc</recordid><startdate>20180701</startdate><enddate>20180701</enddate><creator>Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh</creator><creator>Rezaee, Ramin</creator><creator>Davarynejad, Gholamhossein</creator><creator>Asili, Javad</creator><creator>Nemati, Seyed Hossein</creator><creator>Goumenou, Marina</creator><creator>Tsakiris, Ioannis</creator><creator>Tsatsakis, Aristides M.</creator><creator>Shirani, Kobra</creator><creator>Karimi, Gholamreza</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science Ltd</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180701</creationdate><title>Risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A through consumption of different Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars collected from four geographical regions of Iran</title><author>Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh ; 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thus, consumption of pistachio collected from these regions, poses no health risk of mycotoxins exposure. Iran is one of the main suppliers of pistachio for the European market accounting for over 90% of its demands; hence, efficient analytical methods are required for detection of mycotoxins contamination in pistachio kernels before exporting them. In this study, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in five pistachio cultivars collected from four sites of Iran, were measured by HPLC. Based on the results, risk assessment for AFB1 and OTA residues was done. The highest mean concentrations of AFB1 and OTA were found in Ahmad-aghaei (4.33 and 2.19 ng/g, respectively) and Akbari (4.08 and 1.943 ng/g, respectively) cultivars from Rafsanjan, Iran. Even the highest concentrations of AFB1 and OTA in analyzed samples were lower than the corresponding maximum limits set by EU authorities. The hazard index (HI) value for consumers of Iranian pistachio is below one. It could be concluded that consumption of pistachio cultivated in these regions poses no health risk of mycotoxins exposure.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>29852370</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.010</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Aflatoxin B1
Agricultural commodities
Analytical methods
Cereals
Contamination
Cultivars
Exposure
Health risks
High-performance liquid chromatography
Liquid chromatography
Mycotoxins
Ochratoxin A
Pistachio safety
Pistacia vera
Risk assessment
title Risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A through consumption of different Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars collected from four geographical regions of Iran
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