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Risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A through consumption of different Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars collected from four geographical regions of Iran
•Among five cultivars collected from four pistachio cultivation zones in Iran, Ahmad-aghaei and Akbari collected from Rafsanjan, had the highest levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA).•Generally, in all cultivars, AFB1 and OTA levels were below standard limits set by the European Union...
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Published in: | Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 2018-07, Vol.61, p.61-66 |
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container_title | Environmental toxicology and pharmacology |
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creator | Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh Rezaee, Ramin Davarynejad, Gholamhossein Asili, Javad Nemati, Seyed Hossein Goumenou, Marina Tsakiris, Ioannis Tsatsakis, Aristides M. Shirani, Kobra Karimi, Gholamreza |
description | •Among five cultivars collected from four pistachio cultivation zones in Iran, Ahmad-aghaei and Akbari collected from Rafsanjan, had the highest levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA).•Generally, in all cultivars, AFB1 and OTA levels were below standard limits set by the European Union authorities.•Hazard index (HI) for Iranian consumers of pistachio was |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.010 |
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Iran is one of the main suppliers of pistachio for the European market accounting for over 90% of its demands; hence, efficient analytical methods are required for detection of mycotoxins contamination in pistachio kernels before exporting them. In this study, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in five pistachio cultivars collected from four sites of Iran, were measured by HPLC. Based on the results, risk assessment for AFB1 and OTA residues was done. The highest mean concentrations of AFB1 and OTA were found in Ahmad-aghaei (4.33 and 2.19 ng/g, respectively) and Akbari (4.08 and 1.943 ng/g, respectively) cultivars from Rafsanjan, Iran. Even the highest concentrations of AFB1 and OTA in analyzed samples were lower than the corresponding maximum limits set by EU authorities. The hazard index (HI) value for consumers of Iranian pistachio is below one. It could be concluded that consumption of pistachio cultivated in these regions poses no health risk of mycotoxins exposure.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1382-6689</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7077</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.010</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29852370</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Aflatoxin B1 ; Agricultural commodities ; Analytical methods ; Cereals ; Contamination ; Cultivars ; Exposure ; Health risks ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Mycotoxins ; Ochratoxin A ; Pistachio safety ; Pistacia vera ; Risk assessment</subject><ispartof>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 2018-07, Vol.61, p.61-66</ispartof><rights>2018 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Jul 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-7b4e8e2cb636527b605329718b234b2f292a290cad44623301a87268d830b4e63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-7b4e8e2cb636527b605329718b234b2f292a290cad44623301a87268d830b4e63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29852370$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rezaee, Ramin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Davarynejad, Gholamhossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asili, Javad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nemati, Seyed Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goumenou, Marina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsakiris, Ioannis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsatsakis, Aristides M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shirani, Kobra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karimi, Gholamreza</creatorcontrib><title>Risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A through consumption of different Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars collected from four geographical regions of Iran</title><title>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology</title><addtitle>Environ Toxicol Pharmacol</addtitle><description>•Among five cultivars collected from four pistachio cultivation zones in Iran, Ahmad-aghaei and Akbari collected from Rafsanjan, had the highest levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA).•Generally, in all cultivars, AFB1 and OTA levels were below standard limits set by the European Union authorities.•Hazard index (HI) for Iranian consumers of pistachio was <1; thus, consumption of pistachio collected from these regions, poses no health risk of mycotoxins exposure.
Iran is one of the main suppliers of pistachio for the European market accounting for over 90% of its demands; hence, efficient analytical methods are required for detection of mycotoxins contamination in pistachio kernels before exporting them. In this study, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in five pistachio cultivars collected from four sites of Iran, were measured by HPLC. Based on the results, risk assessment for AFB1 and OTA residues was done. The highest mean concentrations of AFB1 and OTA were found in Ahmad-aghaei (4.33 and 2.19 ng/g, respectively) and Akbari (4.08 and 1.943 ng/g, respectively) cultivars from Rafsanjan, Iran. Even the highest concentrations of AFB1 and OTA in analyzed samples were lower than the corresponding maximum limits set by EU authorities. The hazard index (HI) value for consumers of Iranian pistachio is below one. It could be concluded that consumption of pistachio cultivated in these regions poses no health risk of mycotoxins exposure.</description><subject>Aflatoxin B1</subject><subject>Agricultural commodities</subject><subject>Analytical methods</subject><subject>Cereals</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Cultivars</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>High-performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Mycotoxins</subject><subject>Ochratoxin A</subject><subject>Pistachio safety</subject><subject>Pistacia vera</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><issn>1382-6689</issn><issn>1872-7077</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc2q1TAUhYMo3h99AQcScKKD1vy0aQpOrhevXjigiI5Dmu6c5tg2NUkP1wfz_Uw5R4eOsglrfdlZC6EXlJSUUPH2UELSS8kIlSWpS0LJI3RJZcOKhjTN4zxzyQohZHuBrmI8EEJrzuVTdMFaWTPekEv0-6uLP7COEWKcYE7YWwwPi49rAJw81nbUyT-4Gb-nWM899mYI55sbnIbg1_2AjZ_jOi3J-XkD9M5aCBvti4tJm8F5_Po0Oo2PEDTelW-wWcfkjjrE7B9HMAl6bIOfsPVrwHvw-6CXwRk94gD7zI4b_D7o-Rl6YvUY4fn5vEbf7z58u_1U7D5_vL-92RWGyyoVTVeBBGY6wUXNmk6QmrO2obJjvOqYZS3TrCVG91UlGOeE6pyekL3kJFsFv0avTtwl-J8rxKQOebU5P6kYkVLmgCueVeykMsHHGMCqJbhJh1-KErU1pQ5qa0ptTSlSq9xUNr08o9dugv6f5W81WfDuJID8waODoKJxMBvoXchZqd67__H_AFGXprc</recordid><startdate>20180701</startdate><enddate>20180701</enddate><creator>Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh</creator><creator>Rezaee, Ramin</creator><creator>Davarynejad, Gholamhossein</creator><creator>Asili, Javad</creator><creator>Nemati, Seyed Hossein</creator><creator>Goumenou, Marina</creator><creator>Tsakiris, Ioannis</creator><creator>Tsatsakis, Aristides M.</creator><creator>Shirani, Kobra</creator><creator>Karimi, Gholamreza</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science Ltd</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180701</creationdate><title>Risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A through consumption of different Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars collected from four geographical regions of Iran</title><author>Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh ; Rezaee, Ramin ; Davarynejad, Gholamhossein ; Asili, Javad ; Nemati, Seyed Hossein ; Goumenou, Marina ; Tsakiris, Ioannis ; Tsatsakis, Aristides M. ; Shirani, Kobra ; Karimi, Gholamreza</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-7b4e8e2cb636527b605329718b234b2f292a290cad44623301a87268d830b4e63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Aflatoxin B1</topic><topic>Agricultural commodities</topic><topic>Analytical methods</topic><topic>Cereals</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Cultivars</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>High-performance liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Mycotoxins</topic><topic>Ochratoxin A</topic><topic>Pistachio safety</topic><topic>Pistacia vera</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rezaee, Ramin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Davarynejad, Gholamhossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asili, Javad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nemati, Seyed Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goumenou, Marina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsakiris, Ioannis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsatsakis, Aristides M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shirani, Kobra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karimi, Gholamreza</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh</au><au>Rezaee, Ramin</au><au>Davarynejad, Gholamhossein</au><au>Asili, Javad</au><au>Nemati, Seyed Hossein</au><au>Goumenou, Marina</au><au>Tsakiris, Ioannis</au><au>Tsatsakis, Aristides M.</au><au>Shirani, Kobra</au><au>Karimi, Gholamreza</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A through consumption of different Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars collected from four geographical regions of Iran</atitle><jtitle>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Toxicol Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2018-07-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>61</volume><spage>61</spage><epage>66</epage><pages>61-66</pages><issn>1382-6689</issn><eissn>1872-7077</eissn><abstract>•Among five cultivars collected from four pistachio cultivation zones in Iran, Ahmad-aghaei and Akbari collected from Rafsanjan, had the highest levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA).•Generally, in all cultivars, AFB1 and OTA levels were below standard limits set by the European Union authorities.•Hazard index (HI) for Iranian consumers of pistachio was <1; thus, consumption of pistachio collected from these regions, poses no health risk of mycotoxins exposure.
Iran is one of the main suppliers of pistachio for the European market accounting for over 90% of its demands; hence, efficient analytical methods are required for detection of mycotoxins contamination in pistachio kernels before exporting them. In this study, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in five pistachio cultivars collected from four sites of Iran, were measured by HPLC. Based on the results, risk assessment for AFB1 and OTA residues was done. The highest mean concentrations of AFB1 and OTA were found in Ahmad-aghaei (4.33 and 2.19 ng/g, respectively) and Akbari (4.08 and 1.943 ng/g, respectively) cultivars from Rafsanjan, Iran. Even the highest concentrations of AFB1 and OTA in analyzed samples were lower than the corresponding maximum limits set by EU authorities. The hazard index (HI) value for consumers of Iranian pistachio is below one. It could be concluded that consumption of pistachio cultivated in these regions poses no health risk of mycotoxins exposure.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>29852370</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.010</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aflatoxin B1 Agricultural commodities Analytical methods Cereals Contamination Cultivars Exposure Health risks High-performance liquid chromatography Liquid chromatography Mycotoxins Ochratoxin A Pistachio safety Pistacia vera Risk assessment |
title | Risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A through consumption of different Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars collected from four geographical regions of Iran |
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