A two years study on the combined effects of biochar and inhibitors on ammonia volatilization in an intensively managed rice field

•Effects of biochar and inhibitors on NH3 emissions, rice yield, and NUE were studied.•Biochar increased NH3 losses in the year of application, but losses decreased in the subsequent year.•Biochar + DCD increased NH3 losses, while biochar + HQ decreased NH3 losses.•The effects of application of bioc...

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Published in:Agriculture, ecosystems & environment ecosystems & environment, 2018-09, Vol.264, p.44-53
Main Authors: He, Tiehu, Liu, Deyan, Yuan, Junji, Ni, Kang, Zaman, Mohammad, Luo, Jiafa, Lindsey, Stuart, Ding, Weixin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adsorption
Ammonia
Biochar
Carbon sequestration
Charcoal
Crop yield
Dicyandiamide
Effects
Emissions
Emitters
Fertilizers
Floodwater
Hydroquinone
Inhibitors
N use efficiency
NH3 emission
Nitrification
Nitrous oxide
Rice
Rice fields
Rice yield
Soils
Straw
Urea
Ureas
Urease
Volatilization
Wheat
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Summary:•Effects of biochar and inhibitors on NH3 emissions, rice yield, and NUE were studied.•Biochar increased NH3 losses in the year of application, but losses decreased in the subsequent year.•Biochar + DCD increased NH3 losses, while biochar + HQ decreased NH3 losses.•The effects of application of biochar + HQ and DCD were only apparent in the second year.•Biochar with or without HQ or biochar with both inhibitors increased rice yield and NUE. China is the world’s largest emitter of gaseous ammonia (NH3), a compound that poses severe risks to human and ecosystem health. Adding biochar and inhibitors to soils has been suggested as a method to increase carbon sequestration and reduce nitrous oxide emissions, however, the effects of the amendments on NH3 emissions are poorly understood. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effect of applying biochar combined with a urease inhibitor (hydroquinone, HQ) and a nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide, DCD) on NH3 emissions, rice yields, and N use efficiency (NUE) during two growth seasons. Four replicates of seven treatments comprising no urea fertilizer (control), urea (N), biochar (B), urea + biochar (NB), NB + urease inhibitor (NBUI), NB + nitrification inhibitor (NBNI), and NB + urease and nitrification inhibitors (double inhibitor) (NBDI), were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Wheat straw biochar was applied once, in June 2014. Biochar in the NB treatment increased NH3 losses by 14.1% in the first rice season (P 
ISSN:0167-8809
1873-2305
DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.010