Progressive (k,n) secret image sharing schemes based on Boolean operations and covering codes

• Published in: Signal processing. Image communication 2018-08, Vol.66, p.77-86
• Main Authors: Liu, Yan-xiao, Yang, Ching-Nung, Wu, Song-yu, Chou, Yung-shun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Boolean algebra; Boolean operation; Covering function; Cryptography; Data integrity; Datasets; Hamming code; Hamming codes; Image processing systems; Image quality; Image reconstruction; Information sharing; Polynomials; Progressive secret image sharing; Shadows
• ISSN: 0923-5965; 1879-2677
• DOI: 10.1016/j.image.2018.05.004

(k,n) progressive secret image sharing (PSIS) schemes were discussed frequently in recent years. A (k,n) PSIS scheme consists of sharing phase and reconstruction phase. During sharing phase, a secret image is encrypted into n image-shadows; while during reconstruction phase, k to n image-shadows can progressively recover the image; fewer than k image-shadows get no information on the image. Most previous PSIS schemes can be divided into two categories, polynomial based PSIS schemes and visual cryptography based PSIS schemes. Polynomial based schemes can recover high quality image with complicated cryptographic computations; visual cryptography based PSIS schemes can reconstruct image using human visual system without any cryptographic computation, however, the size of image shadow expands largely from the image and the recovered image is quality-distortion. The motivation of this work is to solving the problems in existing PSIS schemes. Thus, in this paper, we adopt three Boolean operations: bit-level XOR, COV(1,7,3) from (7,4) Hamming code and COV(2,8,4) from (8,4) shortened Hamming code to propose three (k,n) PSIS schemes. In our schemes, k to n image-shadows can decrypt randomly partial pixels on entire image, and reconstruct image progressively. Comparing with previous PSIS schemes, our schemes has smaller image-shadow size and higher quality of recovered image than visual cryptography based PSIS schemes. On the other hand, our schemes has much more efficient operations in sharing procedure and image reconstruction procedure than polynomial based PSIS schemes. •This paper proposed Boolean operation based (k, n) progressive secret image sharing scheme (PSIS), where the secret image can be reconstructed progressively from k to n image-shadows.•Comparing with visual cryptography based PSIS schemes, our scheme has smaller shadow size and reconstruct higher image quality; comparing with polynomial based PSIS, our scheme has lower computational complexity in secret image reconstruction.