Back to the basis - observations support spherically closed dynamic space

• Published in: arXiv.org 2005-09
• Main Author: Suntola, Tuomo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cosmology; Dark energy; Euclidean geometry; Gravitation; Predictions; Red shift; Universe
• ISSN: 2331-8422
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.0509016

A holistic view of the cosmological appearance and development of space is obtained by studying space as a spherically closed surface of a 4-sphere in a zero energy balance between motion and gravitation. Such an approach re-establishes Einstein's original view of the cosmological structure of the universe but instead of forcing space to be static with a cosmology constant, it lets it contract or expand while constantly maintaining a balance between the energies of motion and gravitation within the structure. In spherically closed dynamic space the fourth dimension is purely metric in its nature; time can be treated as a universal scalar, and the line element cdt in the fourth dimension gets the meaning of the distance that space moves at velocity c in time differential dt. The rest energy of matter appears as the energy of motion due to the motion of space in the direction of the 4-radius of the structure. All velocities in space are related to the 4-velocity of space, and the local state of rest appears as a property of the local energy system rather than as the state of an observer. Relativistic phenomena and cosmological predictions can be derived in closed mathematical form and the picture of cosmology is cleared; the Euclidean appearance of distant space is predicted and no dark energy or free parameters are needed to explain the magnitude/redshift relations of distant objects.