The effect of resveratrol, its naturally occurring derivatives and tannic acid on the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in rat C6 and human T98G glioma cell lines

• Published in: Toxicology in vitro 2017-09, Vol.43, p.69-75
• Main Authors: Zielińska-Przyjemska, Małgorzata, Kaczmarek, Mariusz, Krajka-Kuźniak, Violetta, Łuczak, Michał, Baer-Dubowska, Wanda
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; Adjuvants; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic - pharmacology; Animals; Apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; Bioavailability; Biotechnology; Caspase; Caspase-3; Cell cycle; Cell Cycle Checkpoints - drug effects; Cell growth; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell proliferation; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; Chemical compounds; Derivatives; Glioma; Glioma cells; Human T98G glioblastoma cells; Humans; Membrane potential; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial - drug effects; Metabolism; Mitochondria; p53 Protein; Pharmacology; Phenols; Phosphatidylserine; Polyphenols; Rat C6 glioma cells; Rats; Resveratrol; S phase; Stilbene; Stilbene derivatives; Stilbenes - pharmacology; Tannic acid; Tannins - pharmacology; trans-Stilbene
• ISSN: 0887-2333; 1879-3177
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.004

Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a potent chemopreventive and potentially cancer therapeutic agent. Since rapid metabolism limits resveratrol bioavailability, derivatives less prone to metabolic transformation are being sought and tested. We evaluated the effect of resveratrol, and its analogs (pterostilbene and 3,5,4′-trimethoxystilbene) along with tannic acid, on cell cycle and apoptosis in rat C6 and human T98G glioma cells. At concentration ranges both lower and higher than IC50 calculated based on MTT assay, all these polyphenols affected the cell cycle distribution. However, resveratrol and pterostilbene increased the percentage of the cells in S phase, while trimethoxystilbene (TMS) caused a massive accumulation of cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Tannic acid had no effect on cell cycle distribution in C6 cells, but increased the number of dead cells in both glioma cell lines. The ability to induce apoptosis by tannic acid and stilbenes was confirmed by phosphatidylserine externalization, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the level of cleaved caspase-3. The apoptosis rate was most significantly increased by TMS and this was related to p53 induction. These results indicate that methoxylated stilbenes are efficient inhibitors of glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis inducers and might be considered adjuvants in glioma therapy. •Resveratrol and pterostilbene arrest cell cycle in S-phase, while TMS treatment leads to cells' accumulation in G2/M phase.•Tannic acid does not affect the cell cycle distribution, but increases the number of apoptotic cells.•TMS the most significantly increases the C6 glioma apoptosis rate and this effect is related to p53 induction.•Methoxylated stilbenes, particularly TMS, might be considered potential adjuvants in glioma therapy.