In vitro Evaluation of Corrosion and Cytotoxicity of Orthodontic Brackets

The corrosion resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel (AISI 304 SS) and manganese stainless steel (low-nickel SS) brackets in artificial saliva was investigated. The cytotoxic effects of their corrosion products on L929 cell culture were compared by two assays, crystal violet, to evaluate cell viabil...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of dental research 2007-05, Vol.86 (5), p.441-445
Main Authors: Costa, M.T., Lenza, M.A., Gosch, C.S., Costa, I., Ribeiro-Dias, F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis of Variance
Animals
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
Cell Survival - drug effects
Corrosion
Electron Probe Microanalysis
Fibroblasts - drug effects
L Cells (Cell Line)
Manganese - analysis
Mice
Nickel - analysis
Orthodontic Brackets - adverse effects
Stainless Steel - chemistry
Stainless Steel - toxicity
Statistics, Nonparametric
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Summary:The corrosion resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel (AISI 304 SS) and manganese stainless steel (low-nickel SS) brackets in artificial saliva was investigated. The cytotoxic effects of their corrosion products on L929 cell culture were compared by two assays, crystal violet, to evaluate cell viability, and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), for cell metabolism and proliferation. The atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis of the corrosion products demonstrated that nickel and manganese ion concentrations were higher for the AISI 304 SS-bracket immersion solution as compared with the low-nickel SS brackets. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy demonstrated less corrosion resistance for the AISI 304 SS brackets. Although none of the bracket extracts altered L929 cell viability or morphology, the AISI 304 SS-bracket extracts decreased cellular metabolism slightly. The results indicated that the low-nickel SS presents better in vitro biocompatibility than AISI 304 SS brackets. Abbreviations used: AISI, American Iron and Steel Institute; EDS, energy-dispersive spectroscopy; OD, optical density; ISO, International Organization for Standardization; MTT, (3-{4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NiSO4, nickel sulfate; SEM, standard error of the mean; WHO, World Health Organization; and TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
ISSN:0022-0345
1544-0591
DOI:10.1177/154405910708600510