Clonal Analysis of Peripheral Papilloma and Cancerous Cells of the Breast

OBJECTIVE Because almost all malignancies represent monoclonal proliferations, we have studied the clonal status of peripheral papillomas (peri-PM), ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), and normal breast tissues to explore a reliable way to distinguish benign and malignant (or pre-malignant) cases prev...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancer biology & medicine 2007-12, Vol.4 (6), p.401
Main Authors: YU, Qi, NIU, Yun, YU, Yong, DING, Xiumin, SHI, Yurong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Androgen receptors
Benign
Breast
Breast cancer
Carcinoma
Hyperplasia
Mosaicism
Papilloma
Tumors
X chromosomes
X-chromosome inactivation
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Summary:OBJECTIVE Because almost all malignancies represent monoclonal proliferations, we have studied the clonal status of peripheral papillomas (peri-PM), ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), and normal breast tissues to explore a reliable way to distinguish benign and malignant (or pre-malignant) cases previously diagnosed morphologically. METHODS Twenty-six cases of peri-PM, 25 cases of peri-PM with atypi -cal ductal hyperplasia (ADH), 27 cases of DCIS, 16cases of developed can -ceration and 20 specimens of normal tissue were examined in the study. The clonal status of these tissues was studied using an assay based on inactivation mosaicism of the lenth–polymorphic X–chromosomes at the androgen receptor (AR) locus. RESULTS Loss of polymorphism at the AR locus was found in all DCIS cases and 10 cases (10/25, 40.0%) of peri-PM with ADH, indicating the monoclonality of the tumors. Twenty four out of 26 (92.3%) cases with peri-PM and 19 specimens of normal tissue were shown to be polyclonal. In 16 cases of developed canceration, identical X chromosome inactivation(mono -clonal alterations) was observed from both the peri PM with ADH part, and the DCIS part in each case. CONCLUSION These results contribute to the understanding of the ge -netic changes of peri-PM, and confirm the peri-PM with ADH as a precancer -ous lesion of the breast. Clonal analysis might be a useful modality to screen high-risk cases from precancerous lesions or to distinguish between benign hyperplasia and early carcinoma.
ISSN:2095-3941