Implantable contraceptives for women

Progestogen-only implantable contraceptives are used by increasing numbers of women worldwide. This review outlines the evidence accumulated on these methods to date. Reviews of toxicological evaluations, clinical trials, endocrinological, epidemiological and social science studies, as well as opera...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Human reproduction update 2003-01, Vol.9 (1), p.49-59
Main Authors: Meirik, Olav, Fraser, Ian S., d’Arcangues, Catherine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
contraception
Contraceptive Agents, Female - administration & dosage
Contraceptive Agents, Female - adverse effects
Contraceptive Agents, Female - economics
Contraceptive Devices, Female
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Drug Implants
Female
Humans
implant
Patient Satisfaction
progestogen-only contraceptive
WHO consensus paper
World Health Organization
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Summary:Progestogen-only implantable contraceptives are used by increasing numbers of women worldwide. This review outlines the evidence accumulated on these methods to date. Reviews of toxicological evaluations, clinical trials, endocrinological, epidemiological and social science studies, as well as operations research and economic evaluation were undertaken in preparation for an Expert Consultation convened by the World Health Organization in 2001. At the meeting, these reviews were further evaluated and the research results summarized in this consensus paper. A large body of evidence demonstrates the high contraceptive effectiveness and safety of the 5-year levonorgestrel-releasing implants Norplant and Jadelle. Information on the 3-year etonogestrel-releasing implant Implanon is more limited, but suggests that this implant has a high contraceptive effectiveness and a satisfactory safety profile. Information available on levonorgestrel-releasing implants manufactured and approved in China suggests that their clinical performance is satisfactory, but was insufficient to allow their full safety assessment. For all implants, there is insufficient information on their use by women with medical conditions. Provision of contraceptive implants requires good quality family planning services and specific provider training.
ISSN:1355-4786
1460-2369
DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmg004