Development of a tool to analyze risk perception in Canyoning using a Delphi technique

Background: The demand for experiences in nature and adventure sport (NAS) is a growing reality and canyoning is one of the most indicative activities, since contemporary society seeks to acquire new skills and sensations. However, canyoning is considered a risk activity since the places are mostly...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Physical Education and Sport 2018-07, Vol.18, p.1028-1034
Main Authors: Brandão, António, Marques, Ana, Pereira, Joel, Coelho, Eduarda, Quaresma, Luís
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adventure Education
Climate
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Delphi method
Delphi Technique
Environmental Influences
Geomorphology
Opinions
Perceptions
Questionnaires
Romance Languages
Spanish
Specialists
Teaching Methods
Thinking Skills
Translation
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Summary:Background: The demand for experiences in nature and adventure sport (NAS) is a growing reality and canyoning is one of the most indicative activities, since contemporary society seeks to acquire new skills and sensations. However, canyoning is considered a risk activity since the places are mostly accident/incident prone. The aim of this study was to develop a tool capable of analysing risk perception by those who practise canyoning. Methods: Based on the literature we proceeded to identify the risks inherent in the practice of this activity. The environmental factors originate from the environment: the geomorphology, climatology and the fauna/flora. The human factors derive from Man's action via his operational, physical, emotional and cognitive skills Results: After having identified these factors, the study developed using the Delphi technique, applying it to three rounds and integrating a panel of 60 specialists in this area. From the 96 initial propositions, 9 were excluded by consensus of the panel, while a total of 318 suggestions for improvement were presented. The third round ended with a total of 49 propositions, approved by 75% or more of the specialists for the final questionnaire. Conclusion: Based on the specialists' opinion, a risk perception tool in canyoning was developed to acquire a notion of how risk is perceived by those practicing the activity. The information obtained from the answers to these questionnaires will be useful for the clubs/businesses that endeavour to improve their canyoners, bearing in mind the activity's safety and credibility.
ISSN:2247-8051
2247-806X
DOI:10.7752/jpes.2018.s2152