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AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN SOARING FLIGHT TIMES AND ALTITUDES RELATIVE TO CHANGES IN THERMAL DEPTH AND INTENSITY
We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope i...
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Published in: | The Condor (Los Angeles, Calif.) Calif.), 2002-08, Vol.104 (3), p.679-683 |
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description | We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily. Tiempo y Altitud del Vuelo Planeado de Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con Relación a Cambios en Profundidad e Intensidad de las Corrientes Térmicas Resumen. Comparamos el tiempo y la intensidad del vuelo planeado del pelícano Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con estimaciones modeladas de la profundidad e intensidad de las corrientes térmicas. Estos datos mostraron que el planeo de los pelícanos estuvo confinado a la capa térmica y que la extensión vertical del área de planeo incrementó con incrementos en la profundidad de la corriente térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa entre los sitios de alimentación y cría volaron principalmente en el medio de la capa térmica, independientemente de su profundidad. En contraste, los pelícanos que vagaron cerca de los sitios de alimentación típicamente restringieron sus vuelos a la parte inferior de la capa térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa probablemente volaron más alto en la capa térmica para maximizar el desempeño del planeo, mientras que los que planearon a nivel local presumiblemente volaron más bajo porque no necesitaron mayor altitud para planear por distancias cortas. Un análisis del tiempo de vuelo de los pelícanos con relación a las estimaciones modeladas de intensidad de las corrientes térmicas sugirió que los pelícanos comenzaron a planear diariamente tan pronto como aparecieron corrientes térmicas suficientemente fuertes. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0679:AWPSFT]2.0.CO;2 |
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These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily. Tiempo y Altitud del Vuelo Planeado de Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con Relación a Cambios en Profundidad e Intensidad de las Corrientes Térmicas Resumen. Comparamos el tiempo y la intensidad del vuelo planeado del pelícano Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con estimaciones modeladas de la profundidad e intensidad de las corrientes térmicas. Estos datos mostraron que el planeo de los pelícanos estuvo confinado a la capa térmica y que la extensión vertical del área de planeo incrementó con incrementos en la profundidad de la corriente térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa entre los sitios de alimentación y cría volaron principalmente en el medio de la capa térmica, independientemente de su profundidad. En contraste, los pelícanos que vagaron cerca de los sitios de alimentación típicamente restringieron sus vuelos a la parte inferior de la capa térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa probablemente volaron más alto en la capa térmica para maximizar el desempeño del planeo, mientras que los que planearon a nivel local presumiblemente volaron más bajo porque no necesitaron mayor altitud para planear por distancias cortas. Un análisis del tiempo de vuelo de los pelícanos con relación a las estimaciones modeladas de intensidad de las corrientes térmicas sugirió que los pelícanos comenzaron a planear diariamente tan pronto como aparecieron corrientes térmicas suficientemente fuertes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0010-5422</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-5129</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2732-4621</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0679:AWPSFT]2.0.CO;2</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CNDRAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Santa Clara, CA: Cooper Ornithological Society</publisher><subject>Aerial locomotion ; Altitude ; American White Pelican ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal behavior ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Autoecology ; Aves ; avian soaring performance ; Aviculture ; Biological and medical sciences ; Birds ; cross-country soaring ; Flight altitude ; flight altitudes ; Flight time ; flight times ; Foraging ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Ornithology ; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos ; Pelicans ; SHORT COMMUNICATIONS ; thermals ; Vehicular flight ; Vertebrata ; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports ; Vertical air currents</subject><ispartof>The Condor (Los Angeles, Calif.), 2002-08, Vol.104 (3), p.679-683</ispartof><rights>Cooper Ornithological Society</rights><rights>Copyright 2002 The Cooper Ornithological Society</rights><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Cooper Ornithological Society Aug 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b497t-b96ecc3efb0c5d190d1d571c2a5f96dd23204bd30597e7e3283f87f46d1f33223</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b497t-b96ecc3efb0c5d190d1d571c2a5f96dd23204bd30597e7e3283f87f46d1f33223</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1370751$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/1370751$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,58238,58471</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13830595$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shannon, Harlan D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, George S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yates, Michael A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fuller, Mark R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seegar, William S</creatorcontrib><title>AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN SOARING FLIGHT TIMES AND ALTITUDES RELATIVE TO CHANGES IN THERMAL DEPTH AND INTENSITY</title><title>The Condor (Los Angeles, Calif.)</title><description>We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily. Tiempo y Altitud del Vuelo Planeado de Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con Relación a Cambios en Profundidad e Intensidad de las Corrientes Térmicas Resumen. Comparamos el tiempo y la intensidad del vuelo planeado del pelícano Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con estimaciones modeladas de la profundidad e intensidad de las corrientes térmicas. Estos datos mostraron que el planeo de los pelícanos estuvo confinado a la capa térmica y que la extensión vertical del área de planeo incrementó con incrementos en la profundidad de la corriente térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa entre los sitios de alimentación y cría volaron principalmente en el medio de la capa térmica, independientemente de su profundidad. En contraste, los pelícanos que vagaron cerca de los sitios de alimentación típicamente restringieron sus vuelos a la parte inferior de la capa térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa probablemente volaron más alto en la capa térmica para maximizar el desempeño del planeo, mientras que los que planearon a nivel local presumiblemente volaron más bajo porque no necesitaron mayor altitud para planear por distancias cortas. Un análisis del tiempo de vuelo de los pelícanos con relación a las estimaciones modeladas de intensidad de las corrientes térmicas sugirió que los pelícanos comenzaron a planear diariamente tan pronto como aparecieron corrientes térmicas suficientemente fuertes.</description><subject>Aerial locomotion</subject><subject>Altitude</subject><subject>American White Pelican</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Autoecology</subject><subject>Aves</subject><subject>avian soaring performance</subject><subject>Aviculture</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>cross-country soaring</subject><subject>Flight altitude</subject><subject>flight altitudes</subject><subject>Flight time</subject><subject>flight times</subject><subject>Foraging</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Ornithology</subject><subject>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</subject><subject>Pelicans</subject><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject><subject>thermals</subject><subject>Vehicular flight</subject><subject>Vertebrata</subject><subject>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</subject><subject>Vertical air currents</subject><issn>0010-5422</issn><issn>1938-5129</issn><issn>2732-4621</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqdkE9r20AQxZfQQNyk36CHpVBoD3Jmd7Vaqz0t8lpakCVjbxpKKYv-go1rpVrn0G8fKQpNzz0Nb-bNvOGH0C2BOQk43AIQ8LhP6ScKQD8T8H9AIMIv8n6zW5mfdA7zKP9KL9CMhGzhcULDN2j2d-sKvXXuAIOmPp2ho1yrrY5khu8TbRTeqPRZ7XK51VmMV6mOE4ONXqsdltkSy9Roc7cc1Fal0uhvCpscR4nM4qGnM2wStV3LFC_VxiTPKzozKttp8_0GXbbF0TXvXuo1ulspEyVemsdDauqVfijOXhkGTVWxpi2h4jUJoSY1F6SiBW_DoK4po-CXNQMeikY0jC5YuxCtH9SkZYxSdo0-THcf-u73Y-PO9tA99qch0lIy8AiEzwdTPJmqvnOub1r70O9_Ff0fS8COpO3IzI7M7Eh6aPt2JG0n0pZasFFux7iPL3GFq4pj2xenau9ez7HF-OqY-H7yHdy56_-ZCxCcDGM1jct9152a_37nCZ55lTM</recordid><startdate>20020801</startdate><enddate>20020801</enddate><creator>Shannon, Harlan D</creator><creator>Young, George S</creator><creator>Yates, Michael A</creator><creator>Fuller, Mark R</creator><creator>Seegar, William S</creator><general>Cooper Ornithological Society</general><general>Cooper Ornithological Club</general><general>American Ornithological Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PADUT</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>S0X</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20020801</creationdate><title>AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN SOARING FLIGHT TIMES AND ALTITUDES RELATIVE TO CHANGES IN THERMAL DEPTH AND INTENSITY</title><author>Shannon, Harlan D ; Young, George S ; Yates, Michael A ; Fuller, Mark R ; Seegar, William S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b497t-b96ecc3efb0c5d190d1d571c2a5f96dd23204bd30597e7e3283f87f46d1f33223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Aerial locomotion</topic><topic>Altitude</topic><topic>American White Pelican</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal behavior</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Autoecology</topic><topic>Aves</topic><topic>avian soaring performance</topic><topic>Aviculture</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>cross-country soaring</topic><topic>Flight altitude</topic><topic>flight altitudes</topic><topic>Flight time</topic><topic>flight times</topic><topic>Foraging</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Ornithology</topic><topic>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</topic><topic>Pelicans</topic><topic>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</topic><topic>thermals</topic><topic>Vehicular flight</topic><topic>Vertebrata</topic><topic>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</topic><topic>Vertical air currents</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shannon, Harlan D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, George S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yates, Michael A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fuller, Mark R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seegar, William S</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Research Library (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Journals</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Research Library China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><jtitle>The Condor (Los Angeles, Calif.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shannon, Harlan D</au><au>Young, George S</au><au>Yates, Michael A</au><au>Fuller, Mark R</au><au>Seegar, William S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN SOARING FLIGHT TIMES AND ALTITUDES RELATIVE TO CHANGES IN THERMAL DEPTH AND INTENSITY</atitle><jtitle>The Condor (Los Angeles, Calif.)</jtitle><date>2002-08-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>104</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>679</spage><epage>683</epage><pages>679-683</pages><issn>0010-5422</issn><eissn>1938-5129</eissn><eissn>2732-4621</eissn><coden>CNDRAB</coden><abstract>We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily. Tiempo y Altitud del Vuelo Planeado de Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con Relación a Cambios en Profundidad e Intensidad de las Corrientes Térmicas Resumen. Comparamos el tiempo y la intensidad del vuelo planeado del pelícano Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con estimaciones modeladas de la profundidad e intensidad de las corrientes térmicas. Estos datos mostraron que el planeo de los pelícanos estuvo confinado a la capa térmica y que la extensión vertical del área de planeo incrementó con incrementos en la profundidad de la corriente térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa entre los sitios de alimentación y cría volaron principalmente en el medio de la capa térmica, independientemente de su profundidad. En contraste, los pelícanos que vagaron cerca de los sitios de alimentación típicamente restringieron sus vuelos a la parte inferior de la capa térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa probablemente volaron más alto en la capa térmica para maximizar el desempeño del planeo, mientras que los que planearon a nivel local presumiblemente volaron más bajo porque no necesitaron mayor altitud para planear por distancias cortas. Un análisis del tiempo de vuelo de los pelícanos con relación a las estimaciones modeladas de intensidad de las corrientes térmicas sugirió que los pelícanos comenzaron a planear diariamente tan pronto como aparecieron corrientes térmicas suficientemente fuertes.</abstract><cop>Santa Clara, CA</cop><pub>Cooper Ornithological Society</pub><doi>10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0679:AWPSFT]2.0.CO;2</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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source | JSTOR Archival Journals and Primary Sources Collection; Oxford Journals Online |
subjects | Aerial locomotion Altitude American White Pelican Animal and plant ecology Animal behavior Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Autoecology Aves avian soaring performance Aviculture Biological and medical sciences Birds cross-country soaring Flight altitude flight altitudes Flight time flight times Foraging Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Ornithology Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Pelicans SHORT COMMUNICATIONS thermals Vehicular flight Vertebrata Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports Vertical air currents |
title | AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN SOARING FLIGHT TIMES AND ALTITUDES RELATIVE TO CHANGES IN THERMAL DEPTH AND INTENSITY |
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