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AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN SOARING FLIGHT TIMES AND ALTITUDES RELATIVE TO CHANGES IN THERMAL DEPTH AND INTENSITY

We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope i...

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Published in:The Condor (Los Angeles, Calif.) Calif.), 2002-08, Vol.104 (3), p.679-683
Main Authors: Shannon, Harlan D, Young, George S, Yates, Michael A, Fuller, Mark R, Seegar, William S
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description We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily. Tiempo y Altitud del Vuelo Planeado de Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con Relación a Cambios en Profundidad e Intensidad de las Corrientes Térmicas Resumen. Comparamos el tiempo y la intensidad del vuelo planeado del pelícano Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con estimaciones modeladas de la profundidad e intensidad de las corrientes térmicas. Estos datos mostraron que el planeo de los pelícanos estuvo confinado a la capa térmica y que la extensión vertical del área de planeo incrementó con incrementos en la profundidad de la corriente térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa entre los sitios de alimentación y cría volaron principalmente en el medio de la capa térmica, independientemente de su profundidad. En contraste, los pelícanos que vagaron cerca de los sitios de alimentación típicamente restringieron sus vuelos a la parte inferior de la capa térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa probablemente volaron más alto en la capa térmica para maximizar el desempeño del planeo, mientras que los que planearon a nivel local presumiblemente volaron más bajo porque no necesitaron mayor altitud para planear por distancias cortas. Un análisis del tiempo de vuelo de los pelícanos con relación a las estimaciones modeladas de intensidad de las corrientes térmicas sugirió que los pelícanos comenzaron a planear diariamente tan pronto como aparecieron corrientes térmicas suficientemente fuertes.
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These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily. Tiempo y Altitud del Vuelo Planeado de Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con Relación a Cambios en Profundidad e Intensidad de las Corrientes Térmicas Resumen. Comparamos el tiempo y la intensidad del vuelo planeado del pelícano Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con estimaciones modeladas de la profundidad e intensidad de las corrientes térmicas. Estos datos mostraron que el planeo de los pelícanos estuvo confinado a la capa térmica y que la extensión vertical del área de planeo incrementó con incrementos en la profundidad de la corriente térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa entre los sitios de alimentación y cría volaron principalmente en el medio de la capa térmica, independientemente de su profundidad. En contraste, los pelícanos que vagaron cerca de los sitios de alimentación típicamente restringieron sus vuelos a la parte inferior de la capa térmica. 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These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily. Tiempo y Altitud del Vuelo Planeado de Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con Relación a Cambios en Profundidad e Intensidad de las Corrientes Térmicas Resumen. Comparamos el tiempo y la intensidad del vuelo planeado del pelícano Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con estimaciones modeladas de la profundidad e intensidad de las corrientes térmicas. Estos datos mostraron que el planeo de los pelícanos estuvo confinado a la capa térmica y que la extensión vertical del área de planeo incrementó con incrementos en la profundidad de la corriente térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa entre los sitios de alimentación y cría volaron principalmente en el medio de la capa térmica, independientemente de su profundidad. En contraste, los pelícanos que vagaron cerca de los sitios de alimentación típicamente restringieron sus vuelos a la parte inferior de la capa térmica. Los pelícanos que planearon a campo traviesa probablemente volaron más alto en la capa térmica para maximizar el desempeño del planeo, mientras que los que planearon a nivel local presumiblemente volaron más bajo porque no necesitaron mayor altitud para planear por distancias cortas. Un análisis del tiempo de vuelo de los pelícanos con relación a las estimaciones modeladas de intensidad de las corrientes térmicas sugirió que los pelícanos comenzaron a planear diariamente tan pronto como aparecieron corrientes térmicas suficientemente fuertes.</abstract><cop>Santa Clara, CA</cop><pub>Cooper Ornithological Society</pub><doi>10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0679:AWPSFT]2.0.CO;2</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Aerial locomotion
Altitude
American White Pelican
Animal and plant ecology
Animal behavior
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Autoecology
Aves
avian soaring performance
Aviculture
Biological and medical sciences
Birds
cross-country soaring
Flight altitude
flight altitudes
Flight time
flight times
Foraging
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Ornithology
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
Pelicans
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
thermals
Vehicular flight
Vertebrata
Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports
Vertical air currents
title AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN SOARING FLIGHT TIMES AND ALTITUDES RELATIVE TO CHANGES IN THERMAL DEPTH AND INTENSITY
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