A local perspective on drivers and measures to slow deforestation in the Andean-Amazonian foothills of Colombia

• Published in: Land use policy 2018-09, Vol.77, p.379-391
• Main Authors: Hoffmann, Carolin, García Márquez, Jaime Ricardo, Krueger, Tobias
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural economics; Armed conflict; Colonization; Compensation; Conflict; Data processing; Deforestation; Ecosystem services; Ecosystems; Environmental education; Foothills; Forest protection; Forests; Governance; Implementation; Interest groups; Investments; Land; Land use; Livestock industry; Migration; Oil and gas industry; Peace treaties; Petroleum industry; Post-conflict; Ranching; Reorganization; Sovereignty; Spatial analysis; Spatial data
• ISSN: 0264-8377; 1873-5754
• DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.04.043

•Analysis of relationships between direct and indirect deforestation drivers.•Triangulation of Global Forest Watch data with interviews and official reports.•Findings based on the perspective of locally and regionally engaged stakeholders.•The armed conflict has had an ambiguous effect on forests.•Preventive measures include the establishment of alternative sectors. Colombia’s Andean-Amazonian foothills are among the most pressing deforestation hotspots in the country. Yet, the relationships and dependencies of underlying deforestation drivers are not well understood. For an adequate territorial reorganization in the post-conflict era that is sensitive to local context, a targeted analysis of the present situation at the local level is required. This study investigates direct and indirect deforestation drivers, relationships among these and potential measures to lower deforestation post-conflict. The analysis uses spatial data of the Global Forest Watch project as a starting point for semi-structured interviews with 25 locally and regionally engaged stakeholders, triangulated with existing literature on the social, political and economic situation in the region. The results suggest that deforestation is not only caused by uncontrolled land colonization, but also related to the armed conflict, specifically the eradication of illicit crops and waves of migration due to the displacement of communities. Interviewees stressed the ambiguous role of armed groups and the responsibility of the state in incentivizing deforestation through building roads for the oil industry, fostering extractive industries and cattle ranching. The study reveals a high level of uncertainty among stakeholders regarding the possible effects of the peace agreement between the government and the FARC. Interviewees emphasized the crucial role of good governance and state sovereignty when working towards the establishment of alternative profitable industries, the implementation of environmental compensation schemes and an increased investment into environmental education.