Effect of Gelling Agent on Growth and Development of Ceratozamia hildae Somatic Embryos

Individual somatic proembryos of Ceratozamia hildae were exposed to media that differed only in gelling agent utilized. Five different gelling agents were compared in the first experiment: Bacto agar, Agargel, Gel-Gro, Phytagar, and TC agar. In addition, the effect of agar was examined at two levels...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Botanical review 2004-01, Vol.70 (1), p.47-53
Main Authors: Moon, P. A, Litz, Richard E, Chávez, Victor M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
agar
cell growth
Ceratozamia
Contents
culture media
Cycadales
Cycads
Developmental biology
Developmental stages
dose response
Embryos
gelling agents
gels
Genetic aspects
Growth and development
gums
Identification and classification
in vitro culture
Mortality
Natural satellites
Physiological aspects
Plant cells
somatic embryogenesis
Somatic embryos
Standard error
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Summary:Individual somatic proembryos of Ceratozamia hildae were exposed to media that differed only in gelling agent utilized. Five different gelling agents were compared in the first experiment: Bacto agar, Agargel, Gel-Gro, Phytagar, and TC agar. In addition, the effect of agar was examined at two levels. Growth, proliferation, and development were assessed. The lower level of agar did not support good somatic proembryo growth. Agargel and the high agar concentration produced cultures with good proliferation. Proembryos exposed to Phytagar, Gel-Gro, and TC agar had the highest proliferation rates. Overall, Gel-Gro was considered the best gelling agent tested. The three concentrations of Gel-Gro used in the second experiment were 2, 4, and 6 g·l−1, with the lowest concentration representing the control, the recommended concentration. As gelling agent concentration increased, so did mortality; however, the highest Gel-Gro concentration also produced the highest numbers of good-quality, mature somatic embryos. Proliferation rate was greatest at the lowest concentration. These results suggest that Ceratozamia cultures should be exposed to different gelling agents or concentrations of gelling agents at different developmental stages in order to produce the greatest number and highest quality of somatic embryos.
ISSN:0006-8101
1874-9372
DOI:10.1663/0006-8101(2004)070[0047:EOGAOG]2.0.CO;2