GHOST: A Satellite Mission Concept for Persistent Monitoring of Stratospheric Gravity Waves Induced by Severe Storms

• Published in: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2018-09, Vol.99 (9), p.1813-1828
• Main Authors: Tratt, David M., Hackwell, John A., Valant-Spaight, Bonnie L., Walterscheid, Richard L., Gelinas, Lynette J., Hecht, James H., Swenson, Charles M., Lampen, Caleb P., Alexander, M. Joan, Hoffmann, Lars, Nolan, David S., Miller, Steven D., Hall, Jeffrey L., Atlas, Robert, Marks, Frank D., Partain, Philip T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Airglow; Amplification; Atmosphere; Atmospheric conditions; Atmospheric gravity waves; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide emissions; Cyclones; Cyclonic storms; Emission spectra; Gravitational waves; Gravity; Gravity waves; Hurricane forecasting; Hurricanes; Laboratories; Meteorological satellites; Monitoring; Precipitation; Risk reduction; Satellites; Severe storms; Simulation; Storm forecasting; Storms; Stratosphere; Stratospheric gravity waves; Thermal emission; Tropical climate; Tropical cyclones; Updraft; Wind
• ISSN: 0003-0007; 1520-0477
• DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0064.1

The prediction of tropical cyclone rapid intensification is one of the most pressing unsolved problems in hurricane forecasting. The signatures of gravity waves launched by strong convective updrafts are often clearly seen in airglow and carbon dioxide thermal emission spectra under favorable atmospheric conditions. By continuously monitoring the Atlantic hurricane belt from the main development region to the vulnerable sections of the continental United States at high cadence, it will be possible to investigate the utility of storm-induced gravity wave observations for the diagnosis of impending storm intensification. Such a capability would also enable significant improvements in our ability to characterize the 3D transient behavior of upper-atmospheric gravity waves and point the way to future observing strategies that could mitigate the risk to human life caused by severe storms. This paper describes a new mission concept involving a midinfrared imager hosted aboard a geostationary satellite positioned at approximately 80°W longitude. The sensor’s 3-km pixel size ensures that the gravity wave horizontal structure is adequately resolved, while a 30-s refresh rate enables improved definition of the dynamic intensification process. In this way the transient development of gravity wave perturbations caused by both convective and cyclonic storms may be discerned in near–real time.