Pilot‐Scale Removal of Total and Hexavalent Chromium From Groundwater Using Stannous Chloride

Alternative processes for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) removal from drinking water continue to be of interest for utilities despite the existence of several established technologies. Stannous chloride (SnCl2) can reduce Cr(VI) to trivalent chromium, but research has been limited, especially related...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal - American Water Works Association 2018-04, Vol.110 (4), p.E29-E42
Main Authors: Kennedy, Anthony M., Korak, Julie A., Flint, Leah C., Hoffman, Catherine M., Arias‐Paic, Miguel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chromium
Descaling
Design standards
Drinking water
Filterability
filtration
Groundwater
Hexavalent chromium
Reduction
Removal
Sand filters
Stannous chloride
Tin
Tin chloride
Trivalent chromium
Water utilities
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Summary:Alternative processes for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) removal from drinking water continue to be of interest for utilities despite the existence of several established technologies. Stannous chloride (SnCl2) can reduce Cr(VI) to trivalent chromium, but research has been limited, especially related to the filterability of total chromium (Cr(T)) following reduction. At the pilot scale, SnCl2 was tested over a range of doses in three groundwaters with naturally occurring Cr(VI) concentrations ranging from 0.020 to 0.090 mg/L. Stannous chloride was found to be effective as a reductant at doses
ISSN:0003-150X
1551-8833
DOI:10.1002/awwa.1048