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Mechanical and electrical properties of low temperature phase MnBi
Low temperature phase (LTP) manganese bismuth (MnBi) is a promising rare-earth-free permanent magnet material due to its high intrinsic coercivity and large positive temperature coefficient. While scientists are making progress on fabricating bulk MnBi magnets, engineers have begun considering MnBi...
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Published in: | Journal of applied physics 2016-01, Vol.119 (3) |
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container_title | Journal of applied physics |
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creator | Jiang, Xiujuan Roosendaal, Timothy Lu, Xiaochuan Palasyuk, Olena Dennis, Kevin W. Dahl, Michael Choi, Jung-Pyung Polikarpov, Evgueni Marinescu, Melania Cui, Jun |
description | Low temperature phase (LTP) manganese bismuth (MnBi) is a promising rare-earth-free permanent magnet material due to its high intrinsic coercivity and large positive temperature coefficient. While scientists are making progress on fabricating bulk MnBi magnets, engineers have begun considering MnBi magnets for motor applications. Physical properties other than magnetic ones could significantly affect motor design. Here, we report results of our investigation on the mechanical and electrical properties of bulk LTP MnBi and their temperature dependence. A MnBi ingot was prepared using an arc melting technique and subsequently underwent grinding, sieving, heat treatment, and cryomilling. The resultant powders with a particle size of ∼5 μm were magnetically aligned, cold pressed, and sintered at a predefined temperature. Micro-hardness testing was performed on a part of original ingot and we found that the hardness of MnBi was 109 ± 15 HV. The sintered magnets were subjected to compressive testing at different temperatures and it was observed that a sintered MnBi magnet fractured when the compressive stress exceeded 193 MPa at room temperature. Impedance spectra were obtained using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at various temperatures and we found that the electrical resistance of MnBi at room temperature was about 6.85 μΩ m. |
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(PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)</creatorcontrib><description>Low temperature phase (LTP) manganese bismuth (MnBi) is a promising rare-earth-free permanent magnet material due to its high intrinsic coercivity and large positive temperature coefficient. While scientists are making progress on fabricating bulk MnBi magnets, engineers have begun considering MnBi magnets for motor applications. Physical properties other than magnetic ones could significantly affect motor design. Here, we report results of our investigation on the mechanical and electrical properties of bulk LTP MnBi and their temperature dependence. A MnBi ingot was prepared using an arc melting technique and subsequently underwent grinding, sieving, heat treatment, and cryomilling. The resultant powders with a particle size of ∼5 μm were magnetically aligned, cold pressed, and sintered at a predefined temperature. Micro-hardness testing was performed on a part of original ingot and we found that the hardness of MnBi was 109 ± 15 HV. The sintered magnets were subjected to compressive testing at different temperatures and it was observed that a sintered MnBi magnet fractured when the compressive stress exceeded 193 MPa at room temperature. Impedance spectra were obtained using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at various temperatures and we found that the electrical resistance of MnBi at room temperature was about 6.85 μΩ m.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1089-7550</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/1.4939811</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAPIAU</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Melville: American Institute of Physics</publisher><subject>Applied physics ; Arc heating ; Bismuth ; CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS ; Coercivity ; Cold pressing ; Compressive properties ; Electric arc melting ; Electrical properties ; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; Heat treatment ; Ingots ; Low temperature ; Magnetic properties ; Manganese ; MATERIALS SCIENCE ; Microhardness ; Motors ; Permanent magnets ; Physical properties ; Positive temperature coefficient ; Rare earth elements ; Sintering (powder metallurgy) ; Spectrum analysis ; Temperature ; Temperature dependence</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied physics, 2016-01, Vol.119 (3)</ispartof><rights>AIP Publishing LLC</rights><rights>2016 AIP Publishing LLC.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-9e6d0fdd2b15ffe2e9b2d450c12d8745db78e08c3da984bfa7a56bf0c6e33be63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-9e6d0fdd2b15ffe2e9b2d450c12d8745db78e08c3da984bfa7a56bf0c6e33be63</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6631-8201 ; 0000000266318201</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1243183$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Xiujuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roosendaal, Timothy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Xiaochuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palasyuk, Olena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dennis, Kevin W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dahl, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Jung-Pyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Polikarpov, Evgueni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marinescu, Melania</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cui, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>Mechanical and electrical properties of low temperature phase MnBi</title><title>Journal of applied physics</title><description>Low temperature phase (LTP) manganese bismuth (MnBi) is a promising rare-earth-free permanent magnet material due to its high intrinsic coercivity and large positive temperature coefficient. While scientists are making progress on fabricating bulk MnBi magnets, engineers have begun considering MnBi magnets for motor applications. Physical properties other than magnetic ones could significantly affect motor design. Here, we report results of our investigation on the mechanical and electrical properties of bulk LTP MnBi and their temperature dependence. A MnBi ingot was prepared using an arc melting technique and subsequently underwent grinding, sieving, heat treatment, and cryomilling. The resultant powders with a particle size of ∼5 μm were magnetically aligned, cold pressed, and sintered at a predefined temperature. Micro-hardness testing was performed on a part of original ingot and we found that the hardness of MnBi was 109 ± 15 HV. The sintered magnets were subjected to compressive testing at different temperatures and it was observed that a sintered MnBi magnet fractured when the compressive stress exceeded 193 MPa at room temperature. Impedance spectra were obtained using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at various temperatures and we found that the electrical resistance of MnBi at room temperature was about 6.85 μΩ m.</description><subject>Applied physics</subject><subject>Arc heating</subject><subject>Bismuth</subject><subject>CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS</subject><subject>Coercivity</subject><subject>Cold pressing</subject><subject>Compressive properties</subject><subject>Electric arc melting</subject><subject>Electrical properties</subject><subject>Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</subject><subject>Heat treatment</subject><subject>Ingots</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Magnetic properties</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>MATERIALS SCIENCE</subject><subject>Microhardness</subject><subject>Motors</subject><subject>Permanent magnets</subject><subject>Physical properties</subject><subject>Positive temperature coefficient</subject><subject>Rare earth elements</subject><subject>Sintering (powder metallurgy)</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Temperature dependence</subject><issn>0021-8979</issn><issn>1089-7550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqdkE1LAzEQhoMoWKsH_8GiJ4Wtmc1-JEdb_IIWL3oO2WRCt7SbNUkV_72pLXj3NMzwMPPMS8gl0AnQmt3BpBRMcIAjMgLKRd5UFT0mI0oLyLloxCk5C2FFKQBnYkSmC9RL1XdarTPVmwzXqKP_bQfvBvSxw5A5m63dVxZxkyYqbj1mw1IFzBb9tDsnJ1atA14c6pi8Pz68zZ7z-evTy-x-nmvGRcwF1oZaY4oWKmuxQNEWpqyohsLwpqxM23CkXDOjBC9bqxpV1a2lukbGWqzZmFzt97oQOxl0F5O6dn2fjCUUJUsfJeh6DyX7jy2GKFdu6_vkJQsoQAAtuUjUzZ7S3oXg0crBdxvlvyVQuctRgjzkmNjbPbu7qGLn-v_Bn87_gXIwlv0Ak7aAoQ</recordid><startdate>20160121</startdate><enddate>20160121</enddate><creator>Jiang, Xiujuan</creator><creator>Roosendaal, Timothy</creator><creator>Lu, Xiaochuan</creator><creator>Palasyuk, Olena</creator><creator>Dennis, Kevin W.</creator><creator>Dahl, Michael</creator><creator>Choi, Jung-Pyung</creator><creator>Polikarpov, Evgueni</creator><creator>Marinescu, Melania</creator><creator>Cui, Jun</creator><general>American Institute of Physics</general><general>American Institute of Physics (AIP)</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>OIOZB</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-8201</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000266318201</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20160121</creationdate><title>Mechanical and electrical properties of low temperature phase MnBi</title><author>Jiang, Xiujuan ; Roosendaal, Timothy ; Lu, Xiaochuan ; Palasyuk, Olena ; Dennis, Kevin W. ; Dahl, Michael ; Choi, Jung-Pyung ; Polikarpov, Evgueni ; Marinescu, Melania ; Cui, Jun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-9e6d0fdd2b15ffe2e9b2d450c12d8745db78e08c3da984bfa7a56bf0c6e33be63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Applied physics</topic><topic>Arc heating</topic><topic>Bismuth</topic><topic>CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS</topic><topic>Coercivity</topic><topic>Cold pressing</topic><topic>Compressive properties</topic><topic>Electric arc melting</topic><topic>Electrical properties</topic><topic>Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</topic><topic>Heat treatment</topic><topic>Ingots</topic><topic>Low temperature</topic><topic>Magnetic properties</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>MATERIALS SCIENCE</topic><topic>Microhardness</topic><topic>Motors</topic><topic>Permanent magnets</topic><topic>Physical properties</topic><topic>Positive temperature coefficient</topic><topic>Rare earth elements</topic><topic>Sintering (powder metallurgy)</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Temperature dependence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Xiujuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roosendaal, Timothy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Xiaochuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palasyuk, Olena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dennis, Kevin W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dahl, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Jung-Pyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Polikarpov, Evgueni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marinescu, Melania</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cui, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV - Hybrid</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jiang, Xiujuan</au><au>Roosendaal, Timothy</au><au>Lu, Xiaochuan</au><au>Palasyuk, Olena</au><au>Dennis, Kevin W.</au><au>Dahl, Michael</au><au>Choi, Jung-Pyung</au><au>Polikarpov, Evgueni</au><au>Marinescu, Melania</au><au>Cui, Jun</au><aucorp>Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mechanical and electrical properties of low temperature phase MnBi</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied physics</jtitle><date>2016-01-21</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>119</volume><issue>3</issue><issn>0021-8979</issn><eissn>1089-7550</eissn><coden>JAPIAU</coden><abstract>Low temperature phase (LTP) manganese bismuth (MnBi) is a promising rare-earth-free permanent magnet material due to its high intrinsic coercivity and large positive temperature coefficient. While scientists are making progress on fabricating bulk MnBi magnets, engineers have begun considering MnBi magnets for motor applications. Physical properties other than magnetic ones could significantly affect motor design. Here, we report results of our investigation on the mechanical and electrical properties of bulk LTP MnBi and their temperature dependence. A MnBi ingot was prepared using an arc melting technique and subsequently underwent grinding, sieving, heat treatment, and cryomilling. The resultant powders with a particle size of ∼5 μm were magnetically aligned, cold pressed, and sintered at a predefined temperature. Micro-hardness testing was performed on a part of original ingot and we found that the hardness of MnBi was 109 ± 15 HV. The sintered magnets were subjected to compressive testing at different temperatures and it was observed that a sintered MnBi magnet fractured when the compressive stress exceeded 193 MPa at room temperature. Impedance spectra were obtained using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at various temperatures and we found that the electrical resistance of MnBi at room temperature was about 6.85 μΩ m.</abstract><cop>Melville</cop><pub>American Institute of Physics</pub><doi>10.1063/1.4939811</doi><tpages>4</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-8201</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000266318201</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Applied physics Arc heating Bismuth CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS Coercivity Cold pressing Compressive properties Electric arc melting Electrical properties Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Heat treatment Ingots Low temperature Magnetic properties Manganese MATERIALS SCIENCE Microhardness Motors Permanent magnets Physical properties Positive temperature coefficient Rare earth elements Sintering (powder metallurgy) Spectrum analysis Temperature Temperature dependence |
title | Mechanical and electrical properties of low temperature phase MnBi |
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