Gauge-independent decoherence models for solids in external fields

We demonstrate gauge-invariant modeling of an open system of electrons in a periodic potential interacting with an optical field. For this purpose, we adapt the covariant derivative to the case of mixed states and put forward a decoherence model that has simple analytical forms in the length and vel...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physical review. B 2018-04, Vol.97 (14), Article 144302
Main Authors: Wismer, Michael S., Yakovlev, Vladislav S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Computer simulation
Gauges
Mathematical models
Queuing theory
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Summary:We demonstrate gauge-invariant modeling of an open system of electrons in a periodic potential interacting with an optical field. For this purpose, we adapt the covariant derivative to the case of mixed states and put forward a decoherence model that has simple analytical forms in the length and velocity gauges. We demonstrate our methods by calculating harmonic spectra in the strong-field regime and numerically verifying the equivalence of the deterministic master equation to the stochastic Monte Carlo wave-function method.
ISSN:2469-9950
2469-9969
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.97.144302