Triclosan, carbamazepine and caffeine removal by activated sludge system focusing on membrane bioreactor

• Published in: Process safety and environmental protection 2018-08, Vol.118, p.1-9
• Main Authors: Chtourou, Mariem, Mallek, Maryam, Dalmau, Montserrat, Mamo, Julian, Santos-Clotas, Eric, Salah, Abdelhamid Ben, Walha, Khaled, Salvadó, Victoria, Monclús, Hèctor
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activated sludge; Ammonia; Appropriate technology; Batch reactor; Biomass; Bioreactors; Caffeine; Carbamazepine; Chemical oxygen demand; Chemical wastewater; Consumer products; Contaminants; Emerging organic contaminants; Environmental regulations; Filterability; Fouling; Industrial applications; Industrial effluents; Industrial pollution; Industrial wastewater; Membrane bioreactor; Membrane processes; Membrane reactors; Nitrification; Organic chemistry; Personal grooming; Pharmaceuticals; Pollutant removal; Pollution effects; Sludge treatment; Trace contaminants; Triclosan; Ultrafiltration; Wastewater disposal; Wastewater pollution; Wastewater treatment; Wastewater treatment plants; Water pollution; Water pollution treatment; Water reuse; Water treatment
• ISSN: 0957-5820; 1744-3598
• DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2018.06.019

•High Triclosan concentration inhibits the nitrification in biological processes.•Triclosan deteriorates biomass characteristics increasing irreversible fouling.•MBR is a suitable technology for triclosan and caffeine removal. Alternative processes need to be designed for the treatment of industrial effluents containing pharmaceutical and personal care products to improve their quality, permit the reuse of water for industrial applications and meet the standards set by environmental regulations prior to discharge. This type of effluent is a major source of water pollution since conventional activated sludge-based treatments are not effective in removing micropollutants. Carbamazepine, caffeine and triclosan are important trace contaminants commonly found in wastewater treatment plants, and were selected as target compounds to be treated in a cyclic anoxic/aerobic membrane bioreactor. This study aims to evaluate the biomass’ characteristics and activity, and its influence over membrane fouling when treating the aforementioned compounds. Caffeine is known to be partially biodegraded whereas triclosan can inhibit microorganism’s activity. In order to evaluate this effect, complimentary batch experiments were set up to determine whether triclosan might inhibit nitrification. Low ammonia removal efficiencies were observed in both experimental systems, therefore suggesting that nitrification was being inhibited probably due to the presence of triclosan. The ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor process demonstrated to be an efficient and appropriate technology for chemical oxygen demand removal, achieving an average of 97%, for caffeine reaching up to 93.7±9.7 removal efficiencies, and 89.7±8.3% for triclosan. For carbamazepine the removal was lower (36.2±6.8%) due to its recalcitrance. Furthermore, biomass filterability indicators displayed high sludge deterioration increasing substantially the fouling.