Salvia spp. plants-from farm to food applications and phytopharmacotherapy

• Published in: Trends in food science & technology 2018-10, Vol.80, p.242-263
• Main Authors: Sharifi-Rad, Mehdi, Ozcelik, Beraat, Altın, Gökçe, Daşkaya-Dikmen, Ceren, Martorell, Miquel, Ramírez-Alarcón, Karina, Alarcón-Zapata, Pedro, Morais-Braga, Maria Flaviana B., Carneiro, Joara N.P., Alves Borges Leal, Antonio Linkoln, Coutinho, Henrique Douglas Melo, Gyawali, Rabin, Tahergorabi, Reza, Ibrahim, Salam A., Sahrifi-Rad, Razieh, Sharopov, Farukh, Salehi, Bahare, del Mar Contreras, María, Segura-Carretero, Antonio, Sen, Surjit, Acharya, Krishnendu, Sharifi-Rad, Javad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anticancer properties; Antioxidants; Biological properties; Cancer; Chemical composition; Chia; Cultivation; Danshen; Essential oil; Essential oils; Food; Food plants; Food preservation; Food production; Hyperglycemia; Hyperlipidemia; Natural & organic foods; Natural food preservative; Natural products; Pharmacology; Preservatives; Sage; Salvia; Seeds; Skin; Supermarkets; Tropical environment; Tropical environments
• ISSN: 0924-2244; 1879-3053
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.08.008

Salvia is one of the largest genera of the family Lamiaceae. It is widely distributed in the temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions all over the world. Besides its ethnobotanical importance, some species such as S. officinalis (sage, common sage), S. sclarea (clary sage), S. lavandulifolia (Spanish sage), S. miltiorrhiza (danshen), and S. hispanica (chia) are traded on the market as a food and because of the interest in their essential oils and/or popularity in traditional medicine. The high diversity of the Salvia genus and phytochemical richness generate great interest for discovering new biological active compounds, including those found in essential oils. Salvia plant essential oils exhibit broad-spectrum pharmacological activities and represent great interest for food preservation as potential natural products. Thus, this review describes the phytochemical composition of essential oils from different Salvia spp. according to the geographic regions, plant organ, and phenological stage. Moreover, the cultivation and growing conditions of Salvia plants have been also revised. Finally, the interest on Salvia plants for food and pharmaceutical applications has been covered, through reporting their biological properties, including as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-alzheimer, hypotensive, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-cancer, and skin curative agents. •The chemical composition of Salvia plants and their various biological properties have been extensively investigated.•The most important potential applications of Salvia plants and their essential oils in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries were described.•Most of the Salvia plants showed significant biological properties and beneficial health effects.•There are few examples in animal models and in humans, so more studies are required.