Assessment of Hydrogeochemistry and Environmental Isotopes in Karst Springs of Makook Anticline, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Karst springs of the Makook anticline were investigated to get more insight into the hydrogeologic, hydraulic, and hydrodynamic behavior of this complex karst system. Eight springs were studied in terms of hydrogeochemical constituents as well as δ18O and δ2H during September 2011 to November 2012....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Hydrology 2015-06, Vol.2 (2), p.48-68
Main Authors: Mustafa, Omed, Merkel, Broder, Weise, Stephan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air masses
Anticlines
Aquifers
Evaporation
Geochemistry
Groundwater
Halite
Halites
Humidity
Hydrodynamics
Hydrogeochemistry
Hydrologic data
Hydrology
Infiltration
Isotopes
Karst
Meteoric water
Precipitation
Rain
Rainfall
Researchers
Residence time
Salinity
Saturation
Saturation index
Studies
Temporal variations
Water springs
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Summary:Karst springs of the Makook anticline were investigated to get more insight into the hydrogeologic, hydraulic, and hydrodynamic behavior of this complex karst system. Eight springs were studied in terms of hydrogeochemical constituents as well as δ18O and δ2H during September 2011 to November 2012. For the first time, the local meteoric water line was plotted for the area based on precipitation data from the period November 2011 to April 2012. The regional meteoric line plots between the global and Mediterranean meteoric water lines. The majority of the spring samples plot between the local and Mediterranean meteoric water lines implying influences by Mediterranean air masses, rapid infiltration of rainfall through the karst system and a short residence time (shallow karst aquifers). The correlation of d-excess and saturation index of halite was used to evaluate the evaporation process in karst waters of the area. The temporal variation in isotopic composition of karst springs was observed making it possible to distinguish between different origins for springs and indicate a possible connection between the aquifers and depending on this, the karst system can be classified into three aquifers: Behkme aquifer, Kometan aquifer, and Shiranish aquifer.
ISSN:2306-5338
2306-5338
DOI:10.3390/hydrology2020048