Effects of High Temperature and Drought on a Hybrid Bluegrass Compared with Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue

• Published in: Crop science 2007-09, Vol.47 (5), p.2152-2161
• Main Authors: Su, K, Bremer, D.J, Keeley, S.J, Fry, J.D
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; air temperature; appearance (quality); Biological and medical sciences; drought; Drought resistance; Dry matter; dry matter accumulation; Electrolyte leakage; Evapotranspiration; Festuca arundinacea; Field study; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genetics and breeding of economic plants; Grasses; Growth chambers; heat; heat injury; Heat resistance; heat stress; heat tolerance; High temperature; hybrids; interspecific hybridization; lawns and turf; leaf area index; Photosynthesis; Poa arachnifera; Poa pratensis; Soil surfaces; Soil temperature; Soils; species differences; Surface temperature; Transition zone; turf grasses; turf quality; Turfgrasses; water stress
• ISSN: 0011-183X; 1435-0653
• DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0781

High temperature and drought stresses may reduce quality in cool-season turfgrasses during summer months in the transition zone. This growth chamber study was conducted to evaluate effects of high temperature and drought on physiology and growth of 'Apollo' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (KBG), 'Dynasty' tall fescue (Festuca arundincea Schreb.) (TF), and 'Thermal Blue', a hybrid (HBG) between KBG and Texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr.). Turfgrasses were exposed for 48 d to supra-optimal (high temperature; 35/25°C, 14-h day/10-h night) and optimal (control; 22/15°C, 14-h day/10-h night) temperatures under well-watered (100% evapotranspiration [ET] replacement) and deficit (60% ET replacement) irrigation. Heat resistance was greater in HBG, which had greater visual quality, gross photosynthesis (Pg), dry matter production, and lower electrolyte leakage and soil surface temperatures than KBG and TF under high temperature. Cumulative P during the study was 16 and 24% greater in HBG than in KBG and TF, respectively. Green leaf area index (LAI) in HBG was not affected by high temperature, but LAI was reduced by 29% in KBG and 38% in TF. Differences in drought resistance were negligible among species. The combination of high temperature and drought caused rapid declines in visual quality and dry matter production, but HBG generally performed better. Results indicated greater heat resistance, but not drought resistance, in HBG than in KBG or TF.