Advances in Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering: Materials Perspective

Introduction. Tendons are specialised, heterogeneous connective tissues, which represent a significant healthcare challenge after injury. Primary surgical repair is the gold standard modality of care; however, it is highly dependent on the extent of injuries. Tissue engineering represents an alterna...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials 2018-01, Vol.2018, p.1-17
Main Authors: Alshomer, Feras, Chaves, Camilo, Kalaskar, Deepak M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Biological products
Biological properties
Biomedical materials
Collagen
Composite materials
Growth factors
Implantation
In vivo methods and tests
Injuries
Knee
Ligaments
Literature reviews
Mechanical properties
Polyethylene terephthalate
Polylactic acid
Prostheses
Regeneration
Scale (ratio)
Surgical implants
Tendons
Tissue engineering
Viscoelasticity
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Summary:Introduction. Tendons are specialised, heterogeneous connective tissues, which represent a significant healthcare challenge after injury. Primary surgical repair is the gold standard modality of care; however, it is highly dependent on the extent of injuries. Tissue engineering represents an alternative solution for good tissue integration and regeneration. In this review, we look at the advanced biomaterial composites employed to improve cellular growth while providing appropriate mechanical properties for tendon and ligament repair. Methodology. Comprehensive literature searches focused on advanced composite biomaterials for tendon and ligament tissue engineering. Studies were categorised depending on the application. Results. In the literature, a range of natural and/or synthetic materials have been combined to produce composite scaffolds tendon and ligament tissue engineering. In vitro and in vivo assessment demonstrate promising cellular integration with sufficient mechanical strength. The biological properties were improved with the addition of growth factors within the composite materials. Most in vivo studies were completed in small-scale animal models. Conclusions. Advanced composite materials represent a promising solution to the challenges associated with tendon and ligament tissue engineering. Nevertheless, these approaches still demonstrate limitations, including the necessity of larger-scale animal models to ease future clinical translation and comprehensive assessment of tissue response after implantation.
ISSN:2314-4866
2314-4874
DOI:10.1155/2018/9868151