Technology Innovations and Experience Curves for Nitrogen Oxides Control Technologies

• Published in: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) 2005-12, Vol.55 (12), p.1827-1838
• Main Authors: Yeh, Sonia, Rubin, Edward S., Taylor, Margaret R., Hounshell, David A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air Pollutants - standards; Air pollution; Air Pollution - economics; Air Pollution - legislation & jurisprudence; Air Pollution - prevention & control; Air pollution caused by fuel industries; Applied sciences; Atmospheric pollution; Clean Air Act-US; Coal; Coal-fired power plants; Combustion and energy production; Control; Costs and Cost Analysis; Emission standards; Emissions (Pollution); Energy; Energy industry; Energy. Thermal use of fuels; Environmental aspects; Europe; Exact sciences and technology; Government Regulation; Influence; Japan; Laws, regulations and rules; Nitric oxide; Nitrogen Oxides - standards; Patents as Topic; Pollution; Pollution reduction; Power Plants; Prevention and purification methods; Technological change; Technology; United States; Waste Management - economics; Waste Management - methods
• ISSN: 1096-2247; 2162-2906
• DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2005.10464782

This paper reviews the regulatory history for nitrogen oxides (NO x ) pollutant emissions from stationary sources, primarily in coal-fired power plants. Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is one of the six criteria pollutants regulated by the 1970 Clean Air Act where National Ambient Air Quality Standards were established to protect public health and welfare. We use patent data to show that in the cases of Japan, Germany, and the United States, innovations in NO x control technologies did not occur until stringent government regulations were in place, thus "forcing" innovation. We also demonstrate that reductions in the capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs of new generations of high-efficiency NO x control technologies, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), are consistently associated with the increasing adoption of the control technology: the so-called learning-by-doing phenomena. The results show that as cumulative world coal-fired SCR capacity doubles, capital costs decline to ~86% and O&M costs to 58% of their original values. The observed changes in SCR technology reflect the impact of technological advance as well as other factors, such as market competition and economies of scale.