The impact of current, voltage and phase displacement errors on the cross-border energy exchange

• Published in: Measurement : journal of the International Measurement Confederation 2019-01, Vol.132, p.330-335
• Main Authors: Tolić, Ivan, Miličević, Kruno, Malarić, Roman
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cross-border energy exchange; Electric potential; Electrical measurement; Electricity; Energy correction; Error analysis; Exchanging; Impact tests; Measurement; Measurement uncertainty; Metering; Quality assessment; Sensitivity analysis; Systematic errors; Uncertainty; Voltage drop
• ISSN: 0263-2241; 1873-412X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2018.09.014

•Energy correction procedure on the cross-border energy exchange is presented.•Measurement uncertainty and error contributions are included.•Sensitivity analysis of the mathematical model for energy correction is presented.•Voltage phase displacement has the lowest percentage impact to the corrected energy.•Voltage drop has the highest impact to the corrected energy. Cross-border energy exchange in the electricity market environment requires high quality measurement and accounting procedure considering the fairness in technical and economic sense. In order to fulfill these requirements, the necessary step is to clarify all uncertainty contributions at the metering point and to correct the exchanged energy for corresponding systematic errors. This approach resulted by a mathematical model for energy correction. The model is briefly presented and the sensitivity analysis of the model is performed: the impact of the current, voltage and phase displacement of the measuring transformers, error of the energy meter and voltage drop in voltage measurement circuits to the corrected energy. The presented procedure shows that the voltage drop has the highest impact to the corrected energy.