Bat and hummingbird pollination of an autotetraploid columnar cactus, Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Cactaceae)

• Published in: American journal of botany 1996-10, Vol.83 (10), p.1329-1336
• Main Author: Sahley, C.T. (CONATURA, Arequipa, Peru.)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ANATOMIA DE LA PLANTA; ANATOMIE VEGETALE; Andean habitats; AUTOCOMPATIBILIDAD; AUTOCOMPATIBILITE; Bats; BEHAVIOUR; Botany; BOURGEON; BUDS; CACTACEAE; Cactus; CHIROPTERA; COLIBRI; COLOR; COLOUR; COMPORTAMIENTO; COMPORTEMENT; COROLA; COROLLA; COROLLE; COULEUR; DIMENSION; DIMENSIONS; DIURNAL ACTIVITY; FLEUR; FLORES; FLOWERS; Flowers & plants; Fruit set; FRUITS; FRUTAS; GENE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC VARIATION; Genetics; GINECEO; GYNECEE; GYNOECIUM; HUMMINGBIRDS; Insect pollination; INSECTA; LARGURA; LARVAE; LARVAS; LARVE; LENGTH; LLUVIA; LONGUEUR; NOCTURNAL ACTIVITY; OISEAU MOUCHE; PERIODICIDAD; PERIODICITE; PERIODICITY; PEROU; PERU; PLANT ANATOMY; Plant reproduction; Plants; PLUIE; POLIMORFISMO GENETICO; POLINIZACION; POLINIZADORES; Pollen; Pollinating insects; POLLINATION; POLLINATORS; POLLINISATEUR; POLLINISATION; POLYMORPHISME GENETIQUE; polyploidy; RAIN; Reproductive Biology; SELF COMPATIBILITY; SIZE; STIGMA; STYLES; TETRAPLOIDIA; TETRAPLOIDIE; TETRAPLOIDY; VARIACION GENETICA; VARIATION GENETIQUE; Weberbauerocereus; YEMA (PLANTA)
• ISSN: 0002-9122; 1537-2197
• DOI: 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb13918.x

I present data on flower morphology, pollination, breeding system, and genetic diversity of the columnar cactus Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri at 2500m elevation in southwestern Peru. Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri is a self-compatible columnar cactus that is visited and pollinated by one species of rare endemic bat, Platalina genovensium, and two species of hummingbirds, Patagona gigas and Rhodopis vesper. W. weberbaueri exhibits pronounced interplant variation in floral color and size, and flowers exhibit traits corresponding to both bat and hummingbird pollination syndromes. Starch-gel electrophoresis of flower bud tissue indicated that Weberbaueri is an autotetraploid and that genetic diversity (Hep = 0.257) of the study population was high relative to diploid plants but similar to other tetraploid species. Initial fruit set from pollinator exclusion experiments conducted in 1991 and 1993, at the onset of and after a drought associated with the El Nino event of 1991-1992, revealed that bats were the most important pollinators in 1991, but that hummingbirds and diurnal insects were most important in 1993. In both years, however, autogamy and lepidopteran larval infestation of fruits reduced differences in mature fruit production among pollinator exclusion treatments so that differences in mature fruit set were not statistically significant. Reduced bat pollination in 1993 is attributed to the reduced abundance of bats at the study site during a drought caused by El Nino. I hypothesize that interaction among several factors, including tetraploidy, autogamy, larval infestation of developing fruits, and variation in pollinator abundance, may not result in strong selection for a bat vs hummingbird floral morph, thus allowing persistence of floral variation in this cactus