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Domestic swine model for the assessment of chemical warfare agent-anesthetic interactions : Some effects of sulfur mustard
A domestic swine model was developed to examine the interaction of chemical warfare agents with anesthetics and other drugs used during general anesthesia. Animals were fully instrumented, and clinically relevant physiological parameters were monitored throughout the experimental procedures. Exposur...
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| Published in: | Military medicine 2000-08, Vol.165 (8), p.573-578 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Language: | English |
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| container_end_page | 578 |
| container_issue | 8 |
| container_start_page | 573 |
| container_title | Military medicine |
| container_volume | 165 |
| creator | SAWYER, T. W CONLEY, J HUNTER, K LUNDY, P HAMILTON, M |
| description | A domestic swine model was developed to examine the interaction of chemical warfare agents with anesthetics and other drugs used during general anesthesia. Animals were fully instrumented, and clinically relevant physiological parameters were monitored throughout the experimental procedures. Exposure of animals under halothane anesthesia to the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD; 1 mg/kg intravenous) produced mild signs of systemic intoxication during the subsequent 5 hours. Induction doses of ketamine 1 hour after HD exposure resulted in periods of profound apnea, with continued respiratory distress for the next 2 hours. When animals were treated with HD 1 hour after the initiation of ketamine anesthesia, severe and persistent convulsion-like muscular activity was observed within 45 minutes of HD administration. This nonpurposeful activity was not ameliorated by diazepam but was dramatically reduced or eliminated by resumption of halothane anesthesia. Treatment of HD-intoxicated pigs with succinylcholine produced a prolonged apnea resulting in death. In these apparently mildly HD-intoxicated animals, the introduction of ketamine or succinylcholine can rapidly induce potentially life-threatening situations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/milmed/165.8.573 |
| format | article |
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W ; CONLEY, J ; HUNTER, K ; LUNDY, P ; HAMILTON, M</creator><creatorcontrib>SAWYER, T. W ; CONLEY, J ; HUNTER, K ; LUNDY, P ; HAMILTON, M</creatorcontrib><description>A domestic swine model was developed to examine the interaction of chemical warfare agents with anesthetics and other drugs used during general anesthesia. Animals were fully instrumented, and clinically relevant physiological parameters were monitored throughout the experimental procedures. Exposure of animals under halothane anesthesia to the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD; 1 mg/kg intravenous) produced mild signs of systemic intoxication during the subsequent 5 hours. Induction doses of ketamine 1 hour after HD exposure resulted in periods of profound apnea, with continued respiratory distress for the next 2 hours. When animals were treated with HD 1 hour after the initiation of ketamine anesthesia, severe and persistent convulsion-like muscular activity was observed within 45 minutes of HD administration. This nonpurposeful activity was not ameliorated by diazepam but was dramatically reduced or eliminated by resumption of halothane anesthesia. Treatment of HD-intoxicated pigs with succinylcholine produced a prolonged apnea resulting in death. In these apparently mildly HD-intoxicated animals, the introduction of ketamine or succinylcholine can rapidly induce potentially life-threatening situations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0026-4075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1930-613X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/milmed/165.8.573</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10957847</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MMEDA9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: Association of Military Surgeons</publisher><subject>Anesthesia, General - methods ; Anesthetics - pharmacology ; Animals ; Apnea - chemically induced ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood pressure ; Casualties ; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases ; Chemical Warfare ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drinking water ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Monitoring ; Gas, fumes ; General anesthesia ; Halothane - pharmacology ; Hogs ; Humans ; Ketamine ; Ketamine - pharmacology ; Laboratories ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Military Medicine ; Mustard Gas - poisoning ; Neuromuscular Agents - pharmacology ; Nitrous oxide ; Physiology ; Seizures - chemically induced ; Succinylcholine - pharmacology ; Sulfur ; Swine ; Time Factors ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Military medicine, 2000-08, Vol.165 (8), p.573-578</ispartof><rights>2000 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Association of Military Surgeons of the United States Aug 2000</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c393t-bbde81f2806083bf62f4bb6ddbadcaa186e9cc87584a3f85f41422b5028666a3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1454667$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10957847$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>SAWYER, T. W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CONLEY, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HUNTER, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LUNDY, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HAMILTON, M</creatorcontrib><title>Domestic swine model for the assessment of chemical warfare agent-anesthetic interactions : Some effects of sulfur mustard</title><title>Military medicine</title><addtitle>Mil Med</addtitle><description>A domestic swine model was developed to examine the interaction of chemical warfare agents with anesthetics and other drugs used during general anesthesia. Animals were fully instrumented, and clinically relevant physiological parameters were monitored throughout the experimental procedures. Exposure of animals under halothane anesthesia to the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD; 1 mg/kg intravenous) produced mild signs of systemic intoxication during the subsequent 5 hours. Induction doses of ketamine 1 hour after HD exposure resulted in periods of profound apnea, with continued respiratory distress for the next 2 hours. When animals were treated with HD 1 hour after the initiation of ketamine anesthesia, severe and persistent convulsion-like muscular activity was observed within 45 minutes of HD administration. This nonpurposeful activity was not ameliorated by diazepam but was dramatically reduced or eliminated by resumption of halothane anesthesia. Treatment of HD-intoxicated pigs with succinylcholine produced a prolonged apnea resulting in death. 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Toxic occupational diseases</subject><subject>Chemical Warfare</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Drug Evaluation, Preclinical</subject><subject>Drug Interactions</subject><subject>Drug Monitoring</subject><subject>Gas, fumes</subject><subject>General anesthesia</subject><subject>Halothane - pharmacology</subject><subject>Hogs</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ketamine</subject><subject>Ketamine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Military Medicine</subject><subject>Mustard Gas - poisoning</subject><subject>Neuromuscular Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Nitrous oxide</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Seizures - chemically induced</subject><subject>Succinylcholine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0026-4075</issn><issn>1930-613X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpFkDtPwzAUhS0EoqWwMyELsaa140ccNlSeUiUGOrBZjmPTVHkU30QV_HpcpRKTh3POd60PoWtK5pTkbNFUdePKBZViruYiYydoSnNGEknZ5ymaEpLKhJNMTNAFwJYQynNFz9EkjkWmeDZFv49d46CvLIZ91TrcdKWrse8C7jcOGwAH0Li2x53HduOaypoa703wJsT4KyaJaSNg4w6Mqu1dMLavuhbwPf6IbOy8d7aHAwCG2g8BNwP0JpSX6MybGtzV8Z2h9fPTevmarN5f3pYPq8SynPVJUZROUZ8qIolihZep50Uhy7IwpTWGKulya1UmFDfMK-E55WlaCJIqKaVhM3Q7Yneh-x7iV_W2G0IbL-qUZkQwpWgskbFkQwcQnNe7UDUm_GhK9EG1HlXrqForHVXHyc2ROxSH5H8wuo2Fu2PBQLTmg2ltBf89LriUGfsDg1mKiw</recordid><startdate>20000801</startdate><enddate>20000801</enddate><creator>SAWYER, T. 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Exposure of animals under halothane anesthesia to the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD; 1 mg/kg intravenous) produced mild signs of systemic intoxication during the subsequent 5 hours. Induction doses of ketamine 1 hour after HD exposure resulted in periods of profound apnea, with continued respiratory distress for the next 2 hours. When animals were treated with HD 1 hour after the initiation of ketamine anesthesia, severe and persistent convulsion-like muscular activity was observed within 45 minutes of HD administration. This nonpurposeful activity was not ameliorated by diazepam but was dramatically reduced or eliminated by resumption of halothane anesthesia. Treatment of HD-intoxicated pigs with succinylcholine produced a prolonged apnea resulting in death. In these apparently mildly HD-intoxicated animals, the introduction of ketamine or succinylcholine can rapidly induce potentially life-threatening situations.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Association of Military Surgeons</pub><pmid>10957847</pmid><doi>10.1093/milmed/165.8.573</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0026-4075 |
| ispartof | Military medicine, 2000-08, Vol.165 (8), p.573-578 |
| issn | 0026-4075 1930-613X |
| language | eng |
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| source | Oxford Journals Online |
| subjects | Anesthesia, General - methods Anesthetics - pharmacology Animals Apnea - chemically induced Biological and medical sciences Blood pressure Casualties Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases Chemical Warfare Disease Models, Animal Drinking water Drug Evaluation, Preclinical Drug Interactions Drug Monitoring Gas, fumes General anesthesia Halothane - pharmacology Hogs Humans Ketamine Ketamine - pharmacology Laboratories Male Medical sciences Military Medicine Mustard Gas - poisoning Neuromuscular Agents - pharmacology Nitrous oxide Physiology Seizures - chemically induced Succinylcholine - pharmacology Sulfur Swine Time Factors Toxicology |
| title | Domestic swine model for the assessment of chemical warfare agent-anesthetic interactions : Some effects of sulfur mustard |
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