Large-scale multi-phase simulation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

• Published in: International journal of heat and mass transfer 2019-03, Vol.130, p.555-563
• Main Authors: Zhang, Guobin, Xie, Xu, Xie, Biao, Du, Qing, Jiao, Kui
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aerodynamics; Computational fluid dynamics; Computer simulation; Computing time; Dimensional stability; Drag; Dynamic stability; Eulerian-Eulerian model; Flow field design; Fluid dynamics; Fuel cells; Hydrogen; Large-scale PEMFC; Mathematical models; Moisture content; Multi-phase simulation; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells; Surface tension; Three dimensional models; Two phase flow; Water; Water and thermal management
• ISSN: 0017-9310; 1879-2189
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.10.122

•Large-scale multi-phase simulations of PEMFC are conducted.•Realistic flow fields with distribution zone next to inlet and outlet are designed.•Effects of surface tension, wall adhesion and gravity in flow fields are included.•Counter-flow is more helpful to PEMFC compared to co-flow arrangement.•Coolant flow direction is suggested to be the same with air under counter-flow. Limited by the computational efficiency and stability, traditional 3D (three-dimensional) CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations of PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) are always in single-channel scale, which neglect the realistic flow field structures in commercial PEMFC. In this study, a large-scale PEMFC (109.93 cm2), which is a repeated unit in commercial stacks and includes realistic anode and cathode flow fields, is investigated in detail utilizing a comprehensive 3D multi-phase model. In particular, the Eulerian-Eulerian model is chosen for the solution of gas and liquid two-phase flow in flow fields and the surface tension, wall adhesion, drag force and gravity are all taken into consideration. The gas concentration and liquid water amount in each channel of flow field are studied to test the influence of flow field. Moreover, it is proved that increasing operating pressure is helpful to improve PEMFC performance by increasing the reactant gas concentration and membrane water content significantly. Besides, counter-flow arrangement of hydrogen and air facilitates uniform distribution of membrane content and electrochemical reaction. And in this case, the coolant flow direction designed to be the same with that of air is beneficial to PEMFC performance.