A Lithium-Ion Battery Current Estimation Technique Using an Unknown Input Observer

Current consumption measurements are useful in a wide variety of applications, including power monitoring and fault detection within a lithium-ion battery management system (BMS). This measurement is typically taken using either a shunt resistor or a Hall-effect current sensor. Although both methods...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on vehicular technology 2017-08, Vol.66 (8), p.6707-6714
Main Authors: Cambron, Daniel C., Cramer, Aaron M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation models
Batteries
Battery
battery management system (BMS)
Circuits
current estimation
Fault detection
Hall effect
Hysteresis
Integrated circuit modeling
LiFePO<named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> _{4}</tex-math> </inline-formula> </named-content>
Lithium
lithium-ion
Lithium-ion batteries
Mathematical model
parameter estimation
Power loss
Power management
Rechargeable batteries
Resistance
Resistors
shunt
State of charge
unknown input observer (UIO)
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Summary:Current consumption measurements are useful in a wide variety of applications, including power monitoring and fault detection within a lithium-ion battery management system (BMS). This measurement is typically taken using either a shunt resistor or a Hall-effect current sensor. Although both methods have achieved accurate current measurements, shunt resistors have inherent power loss and require isolation circuitry, and Hall-effect sensors are generally expensive. This paper explores a novel alternative to sensing battery current by measuring terminal voltages and cell temperatures and using an unknown input observer to estimate the battery current. An accurate model of a LiFePO 4 cell is created, validated, and then used to characterize a model of the proposed current estimation technique. Finally, the current estimation technique is implemented in hardware and tested in an online BMS environment. Results show that the current estimation technique is sufficiently accurate for a variety of applications, including fault detection and power profiling.
ISSN:0018-9545
1939-9359
DOI:10.1109/TVT.2017.2657520