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Nitrogen-doped porous carbon via ammonothermal carbonization for supercapacitors
In this study we demonstrate a cheap and sustainable ammonothermal approach towards nitrogen-doped porous carbons. Sodium borate (borax) is employed as a catalyst during the synthesis resulting in the formation of small interconnected primary particles of 99%. Comparison of different pore systems in...
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| Published in: | Journal of sol-gel science and technology 2019-01, Vol.89 (1), p.101-110 |
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| container_title | Journal of sol-gel science and technology |
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| creator | Schipper, Florian Kubo, Shiori Fellinger, Tim-Patrick |
| description | In this study we demonstrate a cheap and sustainable ammonothermal approach towards nitrogen-doped porous carbons. Sodium borate (borax) is employed as a catalyst during the synthesis resulting in the formation of small interconnected primary particles of 99%. Comparison of different pore systems indicates that a continuous pore size distribution may explain improved rate performances.
A sol-gel-type ammonothermal carbonization of sugar, catalyzed by Borax was combined with physical CO
2
-activation to obtain well-performing and sustainable electrode materials for aqueous supercapacitors
Highlights
Porous nitrogen-doped carbon was synthesized by ammonothermal carbonization
High capacitances of 185 F g
−1
were obtained
Very high cycling stability was obtained |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10971-018-4837-1 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2174786252</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2174786252</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-e521257c6858471e83037c70bdfba17d014bd80dbba4dd7ed7f6f9eafecb546b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kE1LxDAQhoMouK7-AG8Fz9GZNulkj7L4BYt60HNIk3TtstvUpBX019ulC548DS_vx8DD2CXCNQLQTUJYEHJAxYUqiOMRm6GkYlSiPGYzWOSKAwGdsrOUNgAgBdKMvT43fQxr33IXOu-yLsQwpMyaWIU2-2pMZna70Ib-w8ed2R6M5sf0zejXIWZp6Hy0pjO26UNM5-ykNtvkLw53zt7v796Wj3z18vC0vF1xW0jZcy9zzCXZUkklCL0qoCBLULm6MkgOUFROgasqI5wj76gu64U3tbeVFGVVzNnVtNvF8Dn41OtNGGI7vtQ5kiBV5jIfUzilbAwpRV_rLjY7E781gt6D0xM4PYLTe3Aax04-ddKYbdc-_i3_X_oF1tdypQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2174786252</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Nitrogen-doped porous carbon via ammonothermal carbonization for supercapacitors</title><source>Springer Link</source><creator>Schipper, Florian ; Kubo, Shiori ; Fellinger, Tim-Patrick</creator><creatorcontrib>Schipper, Florian ; Kubo, Shiori ; Fellinger, Tim-Patrick</creatorcontrib><description>In this study we demonstrate a cheap and sustainable ammonothermal approach towards nitrogen-doped porous carbons. Sodium borate (borax) is employed as a catalyst during the synthesis resulting in the formation of small interconnected primary particles of <100 nm in size. Microporosity is created in these nitrogen-doped, ammonothermal carbon samples by a synchronous activation and post carbonization procedure at 850 °C, while the interconnected primary particles offer larger interstitial void spaces including mesopores. Variation of the starting ammonia concentration allows for the facile adjustment of the final nitrogen content, reaching up to 7 wt.% after post carbonization. Electrochemical characterization is carried out in two and three electrode modes by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling at different scan rates and current densities, respectively. The sample prepared at a high glucose-to-ammonia ratio shows high specific capacitance of 185 and 144 F g
−1
at 0.2 and 20 A g
−1
, respectively (271 F g
−1
in a three electrode mode at 1 A g
−1
). All samples demonstrate a very stable capacitance over the tested 5000 cycles at 10 A g
−1
with no degradation and an excellent coulombic efficiency of >99%. Comparison of different pore systems indicates that a continuous pore size distribution may explain improved rate performances.
A sol-gel-type ammonothermal carbonization of sugar, catalyzed by Borax was combined with physical CO
2
-activation to obtain well-performing and sustainable electrode materials for aqueous supercapacitors
Highlights
Porous nitrogen-doped carbon was synthesized by ammonothermal carbonization
High capacitances of 185 F g
−1
were obtained
Very high cycling stability was obtained</description><identifier>ISSN: 0928-0707</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-4846</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10971-018-4837-1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Ammonia ; Borax ; Brief Communication: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for energy ; Capacitance ; Carbon ; Carbonization ; Ceramics ; Chemical synthesis ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Composites ; Electrochemical analysis ; Electrodes ; environment and building applications ; Glass ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Materials Science ; Microporosity ; Nanotechnology ; Natural Materials ; Nitrogen ; Optical and Electronic Materials ; Particle size distribution ; Performance enhancement ; Pore size distribution ; Porosity ; Sodium borates</subject><ispartof>Journal of sol-gel science and technology, 2019-01, Vol.89 (1), p.101-110</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018</rights><rights>Copyright Springer Nature B.V. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-e521257c6858471e83037c70bdfba17d014bd80dbba4dd7ed7f6f9eafecb546b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-e521257c6858471e83037c70bdfba17d014bd80dbba4dd7ed7f6f9eafecb546b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schipper, Florian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kubo, Shiori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fellinger, Tim-Patrick</creatorcontrib><title>Nitrogen-doped porous carbon via ammonothermal carbonization for supercapacitors</title><title>Journal of sol-gel science and technology</title><addtitle>J Sol-Gel Sci Technol</addtitle><description>In this study we demonstrate a cheap and sustainable ammonothermal approach towards nitrogen-doped porous carbons. Sodium borate (borax) is employed as a catalyst during the synthesis resulting in the formation of small interconnected primary particles of <100 nm in size. Microporosity is created in these nitrogen-doped, ammonothermal carbon samples by a synchronous activation and post carbonization procedure at 850 °C, while the interconnected primary particles offer larger interstitial void spaces including mesopores. Variation of the starting ammonia concentration allows for the facile adjustment of the final nitrogen content, reaching up to 7 wt.% after post carbonization. Electrochemical characterization is carried out in two and three electrode modes by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling at different scan rates and current densities, respectively. The sample prepared at a high glucose-to-ammonia ratio shows high specific capacitance of 185 and 144 F g
−1
at 0.2 and 20 A g
−1
, respectively (271 F g
−1
in a three electrode mode at 1 A g
−1
). All samples demonstrate a very stable capacitance over the tested 5000 cycles at 10 A g
−1
with no degradation and an excellent coulombic efficiency of >99%. Comparison of different pore systems indicates that a continuous pore size distribution may explain improved rate performances.
A sol-gel-type ammonothermal carbonization of sugar, catalyzed by Borax was combined with physical CO
2
-activation to obtain well-performing and sustainable electrode materials for aqueous supercapacitors
Highlights
Porous nitrogen-doped carbon was synthesized by ammonothermal carbonization
High capacitances of 185 F g
−1
were obtained
Very high cycling stability was obtained</description><subject>Ammonia</subject><subject>Borax</subject><subject>Brief Communication: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for energy</subject><subject>Capacitance</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbonization</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Composites</subject><subject>Electrochemical analysis</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>environment and building applications</subject><subject>Glass</subject><subject>Inorganic Chemistry</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Microporosity</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Natural Materials</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Optical and Electronic Materials</subject><subject>Particle size distribution</subject><subject>Performance enhancement</subject><subject>Pore size distribution</subject><subject>Porosity</subject><subject>Sodium borates</subject><issn>0928-0707</issn><issn>1573-4846</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kE1LxDAQhoMouK7-AG8Fz9GZNulkj7L4BYt60HNIk3TtstvUpBX019ulC548DS_vx8DD2CXCNQLQTUJYEHJAxYUqiOMRm6GkYlSiPGYzWOSKAwGdsrOUNgAgBdKMvT43fQxr33IXOu-yLsQwpMyaWIU2-2pMZna70Ib-w8ed2R6M5sf0zejXIWZp6Hy0pjO26UNM5-ykNtvkLw53zt7v796Wj3z18vC0vF1xW0jZcy9zzCXZUkklCL0qoCBLULm6MkgOUFROgasqI5wj76gu64U3tbeVFGVVzNnVtNvF8Dn41OtNGGI7vtQ5kiBV5jIfUzilbAwpRV_rLjY7E781gt6D0xM4PYLTe3Aax04-ddKYbdc-_i3_X_oF1tdypQ</recordid><startdate>20190101</startdate><enddate>20190101</enddate><creator>Schipper, Florian</creator><creator>Kubo, Shiori</creator><creator>Fellinger, Tim-Patrick</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190101</creationdate><title>Nitrogen-doped porous carbon via ammonothermal carbonization for supercapacitors</title><author>Schipper, Florian ; Kubo, Shiori ; Fellinger, Tim-Patrick</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-e521257c6858471e83037c70bdfba17d014bd80dbba4dd7ed7f6f9eafecb546b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Ammonia</topic><topic>Borax</topic><topic>Brief Communication: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for energy</topic><topic>Capacitance</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Carbonization</topic><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>Chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Composites</topic><topic>Electrochemical analysis</topic><topic>Electrodes</topic><topic>environment and building applications</topic><topic>Glass</topic><topic>Inorganic Chemistry</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Microporosity</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Natural Materials</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Optical and Electronic Materials</topic><topic>Particle size distribution</topic><topic>Performance enhancement</topic><topic>Pore size distribution</topic><topic>Porosity</topic><topic>Sodium borates</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schipper, Florian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kubo, Shiori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fellinger, Tim-Patrick</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Journal of sol-gel science and technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schipper, Florian</au><au>Kubo, Shiori</au><au>Fellinger, Tim-Patrick</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nitrogen-doped porous carbon via ammonothermal carbonization for supercapacitors</atitle><jtitle>Journal of sol-gel science and technology</jtitle><stitle>J Sol-Gel Sci Technol</stitle><date>2019-01-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>89</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>101</spage><epage>110</epage><pages>101-110</pages><issn>0928-0707</issn><eissn>1573-4846</eissn><abstract>In this study we demonstrate a cheap and sustainable ammonothermal approach towards nitrogen-doped porous carbons. Sodium borate (borax) is employed as a catalyst during the synthesis resulting in the formation of small interconnected primary particles of <100 nm in size. Microporosity is created in these nitrogen-doped, ammonothermal carbon samples by a synchronous activation and post carbonization procedure at 850 °C, while the interconnected primary particles offer larger interstitial void spaces including mesopores. Variation of the starting ammonia concentration allows for the facile adjustment of the final nitrogen content, reaching up to 7 wt.% after post carbonization. Electrochemical characterization is carried out in two and three electrode modes by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling at different scan rates and current densities, respectively. The sample prepared at a high glucose-to-ammonia ratio shows high specific capacitance of 185 and 144 F g
−1
at 0.2 and 20 A g
−1
, respectively (271 F g
−1
in a three electrode mode at 1 A g
−1
). All samples demonstrate a very stable capacitance over the tested 5000 cycles at 10 A g
−1
with no degradation and an excellent coulombic efficiency of >99%. Comparison of different pore systems indicates that a continuous pore size distribution may explain improved rate performances.
A sol-gel-type ammonothermal carbonization of sugar, catalyzed by Borax was combined with physical CO
2
-activation to obtain well-performing and sustainable electrode materials for aqueous supercapacitors
Highlights
Porous nitrogen-doped carbon was synthesized by ammonothermal carbonization
High capacitances of 185 F g
−1
were obtained
Very high cycling stability was obtained</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s10971-018-4837-1</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| issn | 0928-0707 1573-4846 |
| language | eng |
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| subjects | Ammonia Borax Brief Communication: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for energy Capacitance Carbon Carbonization Ceramics Chemical synthesis Chemistry and Materials Science Composites Electrochemical analysis Electrodes environment and building applications Glass Inorganic Chemistry Materials Science Microporosity Nanotechnology Natural Materials Nitrogen Optical and Electronic Materials Particle size distribution Performance enhancement Pore size distribution Porosity Sodium borates |
| title | Nitrogen-doped porous carbon via ammonothermal carbonization for supercapacitors |
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