Organic-cation-mixed (FA,MA)PbI3 through sequential vapor growth for planar perovskite solar cells

[Display omitted] •Perovskite (FA,MA)PbI3 thin films are fabricated by a sequential vapor process.•Vacuum-evaporated PbCl2 is chemically reacted with mixture vapor of FAI and MAI.•The organic-cation-mixed perovskite layers exhibit pinhole-free, dense morphology.•Planar solar cells exhibit a best eff...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Solar energy 2019-01, Vol.178, p.56-60
Main Authors: Choi, Won-Gyu, Na, Sungjae, Park, Chan-Gyu, Moon, Taeho
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
(FA,MA)PbI3
Cations
Chemical reactions
Evaporation
Lattice parameters
Lead chlorides
Morphology
Organic chemistry
Organic-cation mixing
Perovskite structure
Perovskites
Photovoltaic cells
Planar heterojunction solar cells
Sequential vapor process
Solar cells
Solar energy
Substrates
Thin films
Titanium dioxide
Vacuum
Vacuum evaporation
Vapor-assisted growth
Vaporization
Vapors
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Perovskite (FA,MA)PbI3 thin films are fabricated by a sequential vapor process.•Vacuum-evaporated PbCl2 is chemically reacted with mixture vapor of FAI and MAI.•The organic-cation-mixed perovskite layers exhibit pinhole-free, dense morphology.•Planar solar cells exhibit a best efficiency of 15.8% with suppressed hysteresis. A sequential vapor-processing route can reproducibly provide uniform and densely packed perovskite layers. Herein, we introduce organic-cation-mixed (FA,MA)PbI3 thin films formed by a sequential vapor process, based on the vacuum evaporation of PbCl2 and following a chemical reaction with mixture vapor of FAI and MAI. The perovskite layers were prepared with different vaporization ratios of FAI and MAI, and organic-cation mixing inside the perovskite structure was verified by the gradual shift of the optical bandgap and lattice constant. Furthermore, all the perovskite layers fabricated by the sequential vapor process exhibited a dense, uniform morphology over the entire substrate area. The planar n-i-p perovskite solar cells were fabricated using TiO2 and spiro-OMeTAD charge-transporting layers. The optimized cell exhibited a maximum efficiency of 15.8% with suppressed hysteresis.
ISSN:0038-092X
1471-1257
DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2018.11.061