Nucleation and Crystal Formation in Lithium Disilicate‐Apatite Glass‐Ceramic from a Combined Use of X‐Ray Diffraction, Solid‐State NMR, and Microscopy

Glass‐ceramics are multi‐phase materials that are comprised of one amorphous phase and at least one crystalline phase. Their versatile performance and properties can be engineered by alterations of the three fundamental steps – formulation and production of the amorphous base glass, nucleation, and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Helvetica chimica acta 2019-02, Vol.102 (2), p.n/a
Main Authors: Liao, Wei‐Chih, Rampf, Markus, Dittmer, Marc, Copéret, Christophe, Höland, Wolfram
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aluminum oxide
Amorphous materials
Apatite
Ceramic powders
Ceramics
Crystallization
Crystals
Domains
Fluorapatite
Glass
glass-ceramics
Lithium
Lithium oxides
lithium silicates
Microscopy
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nucleation
Opalescence
Orthophosphate
Phosphorus pentoxide
Powder
Silicon dioxide
solid-state NMR
X-ray diffraction
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Summary:Glass‐ceramics are multi‐phase materials that are comprised of one amorphous phase and at least one crystalline phase. Their versatile performance and properties can be engineered by alterations of the three fundamental steps – formulation and production of the amorphous base glass, nucleation, and crystallization. Efforts have been made on syntheses of glass‐ceramics with different components, yet little is known about the details of nucleation and crystallization processes that are essential for tailoring glass‐ceramic properties. Herein, we investigate the nucleation and crystallization mechanisms of a multi‐component, that is SiO2‐Al2O3‐CaO‐Li2O‐K2O‐P2O5‐F, glass‐ceramic system by a combined use of powder X‐ray diffraction (pXRD), solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electron microscopic (EM) techniques. The role of P2O5 in the nucleation and crystallization processes is particularly studied. We show that the formation of lithium silicate crystals being independent of the P2O5‐associated crystals, and the separation of P2O5 phases into individual growth domains of lithium orthophosphate and fluorapatite. We also observe the non‐uniform distribution of fluorapatite particles that explains the opalescence effect of this glass‐ceramic.
ISSN:0018-019X
1522-2675
DOI:10.1002/hlca.201800210