Production of phytotoxic metabolites by five species of Botryosphaeriaceae causing decline on grapevines, with special interest in the species Neofusicoccum luteum and N. parvum

In recent years an increasing number of species of Botryosphaeriaceae have been associated with grapevine decline worldwide. Five species isolated from declining grapevines in Spain (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella viticola, Neofusicoccum luteum and N. parvum) were checked for...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of plant pathology 2008-08, Vol.121 (4), p.451-461
Main Authors: Martos, Soledad, Andolfi, Anna, Luque, Jordi, Mugnai, Laura, Surico, Giuseppe, Evidente, Antonio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agriculture
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Botryosphaeria
Ecology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Fungal plant pathogens
Fungi
Gas chromatography
Grapevine decline
Life Sciences
Metabolites
Pathogenesis
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
Phytotoxicity
Phytotoxins
plant pathogenic fungi
Plant Pathology
Plant Sciences
polysaccharides
Toxins
Vitis vinifera
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Summary:In recent years an increasing number of species of Botryosphaeriaceae have been associated with grapevine decline worldwide. Five species isolated from declining grapevines in Spain (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella viticola, Neofusicoccum luteum and N. parvum) were checked for toxin production in liquid cultures. Cultural conditions for all fungi were adjusted to obtain optimal production of phytotoxic culture filtrates, by growing the fungi in steady liquid cultures of Czapek-Dox broth for different time intervals. Phytotoxicity of D. seriata and N. parvum reached a maximum after 14 days while the remaining species showed the highest phytotoxicity levels after 21 days in culture. All fungi produced hydrophilic high-molecular weight compounds with phytotoxic properties. In addition, N. luteum and N. parvum produced lipophilic low-molecular weight phytotoxins, not detected consistently among the remaining species. This led to a more exhaustive study on the phytotoxicity of N. luteum and N. parvum. Culture filtrates and corresponding extracts of both species were consistently highly phytotoxic in different assays. The gas-chromatography analysis of the acetylated O-methyl glycosides of the phytotoxic exopolysaccharides produced by N. parvum showed these substances to be composed mainly of glucose, mannose and galactose. Results suggest that phytotoxic metabolites could be involved in the virulence of both species in planta.
ISSN:0929-1873
1573-8469
DOI:10.1007/s10658-007-9263-0