3D imaging of gems and minerals by multiphoton microscopy

Many optical approaches have been used to examine the composition and structure of gemstones, both recently and throughout history. The nonlinear optical behavior of different gemstones has not been investigated, and the higher order terms to the refractive index represent an unused tool for qualify...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Optical materials express 2019-02, Vol.9 (2), p.516
Main Authors: Cromey, Benjamin, Knox, Ryan J., Kieu, Khanh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Crystal structure
Dependence
Gems
Minerals
Optical properties
Refractivity
Second harmonic generation
Signal generation
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Summary:Many optical approaches have been used to examine the composition and structure of gemstones, both recently and throughout history. The nonlinear optical behavior of different gemstones has not been investigated, and the higher order terms to the refractive index represent an unused tool for qualifying and examining a stone. We have used a multiphoton microscope to examine the nonlinear optical properties of 36 different gemstones and demonstrate that it is a useful tool for imaging them three-dimensionally up to the millimeter scale below the sample surface. The polarization dependence of second harmonic generation signals was used to examine the crystal orientations inside the minerals.
ISSN:2159-3930
2159-3930
DOI:10.1364/OME.9.000516