Engineering Effects of Vacuum Fluctuations on Two-dimensional Semiconductors

The resonance energy and the transition rate of atoms, molecules and solids were understood as their intrinsic properties in classical electromagnetism. With the development of quantum electrodynamics, it is realized that these quantities are linked to the coupling of the transition dipole and the q...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:arXiv.org 2019-03
Main Authors: Horng, Jason, Yu-Hsun Chou, Tsu-chi Chang, Chu-Yuan, Hsu, Tien-chang, Lu, Deng, Hui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cooperative control
Coupling (molecular)
Decay rate
Dipoles
Electromagnetism
Excitons
Flux density
Inhomogeneity
Monolayers
Quantum electrodynamics
Quantum theory
Transition metal compounds
Variation
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Summary:The resonance energy and the transition rate of atoms, molecules and solids were understood as their intrinsic properties in classical electromagnetism. With the development of quantum electrodynamics, it is realized that these quantities are linked to the coupling of the transition dipole and the quantum vacuum. Such effects can be greatly amplified in macroscopic many-body systems from virtual photon exchange between dipoles, but are often masked by inhomogeneity and pure dephasing, especially in solids. Here, we observe an exceptionally large renormalization of exciton resonance and radiative decay rate in transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers due to interactions with the vacuum in both absorption and emission spectroscopy. Tuning the vacuum energy density near the monolayer, we demonstrate control of cooperative Lamb shift, radiative decay, and valley polarization as well as control of the charged exciton emission. Our work establishes a simple and robust experimental system for vacuum engineering of cooperative matter-light interactions.
ISSN:2331-8422
DOI:10.48550/arxiv.1903.06645