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Soy processing influences growth of estrogen-dependent breast cancer tumors

Soy-based products consumed in Asian countries are minimally processed whereas in the USA many of the soy foods and soy ingredients are highly processed. Soy foods contain complex mixtures of bioactive compounds, which may interact with one another. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ab...

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Published in:Carcinogenesis (New York) 2004-09, Vol.25 (9), p.1649-1657
Main Authors: Allred, Clinton D., Allred, Kimberly F., Ju, Young H., Goeppinger, Tracy S., Doerge, Daniel R., Helferich, William G.
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container_title Carcinogenesis (New York)
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Allred, Kimberly F.
Ju, Young H.
Goeppinger, Tracy S.
Doerge, Daniel R.
Helferich, William G.
description Soy-based products consumed in Asian countries are minimally processed whereas in the USA many of the soy foods and soy ingredients are highly processed. Soy foods contain complex mixtures of bioactive compounds, which may interact with one another. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of various soy products containing genistin, the glycoside form of genistein, to affect growth of MCF-7 cells transplanted into ovariectomized athymic mice. Products investigated included soy flour, two crude extracts of soy (soy molasses and Novasoy®), a mixture of isoflavones and genistin in pure form. Each of the soy flour-processed products was added to the diet to provide equivalent amounts of genistein aglycone equivalents (750 p.p.m.). Tumors in the negative control animals regressed throughout the study while the tumors in the soy flour-fed animals remained basically the same size (neither grew nor regressed). In animals consuming soy molasses, Novasoy®, mixed isoflavones or genistin alone, tumor growth was stimulated when compared with animals consuming a control diet devoid of soy. These same dietary treatments resulted in increased cellular proliferation. Changes in mRNA expression of gene targets (estrogen responsiveness, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and aromatase activity) in tumors induced by the different diets were evaluated. The relative expression of pS2, progesterone receptor and cyclin D1 was increased in animals consuming the Novasoy®, mixed isoflavones and genistin. Bcl2 mRNA expression was low in most of the dietary treatment groups compared with positive (estradiol implant) controls. Aromatase expression was not affected in any of the treatment groups. The degree of soy flour processing affects the estrogenicity of products containing a constant amount of genistein. Collectively, these findings suggest that for postmenopausal women with estrogen-dependent breast cancer, the consumption of foods containing soy flour is more advisable than consuming isoflavones in more purified forms.
doi_str_mv 10.1093/carcin/bgh178
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Soy foods contain complex mixtures of bioactive compounds, which may interact with one another. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of various soy products containing genistin, the glycoside form of genistein, to affect growth of MCF-7 cells transplanted into ovariectomized athymic mice. Products investigated included soy flour, two crude extracts of soy (soy molasses and Novasoy®), a mixture of isoflavones and genistin in pure form. Each of the soy flour-processed products was added to the diet to provide equivalent amounts of genistein aglycone equivalents (750 p.p.m.). Tumors in the negative control animals regressed throughout the study while the tumors in the soy flour-fed animals remained basically the same size (neither grew nor regressed). In animals consuming soy molasses, Novasoy®, mixed isoflavones or genistin alone, tumor growth was stimulated when compared with animals consuming a control diet devoid of soy. 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subjects 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine
Animals
Apoptosis
Aromatase - metabolism
Biological and medical sciences
BrdU
Breast cancer
Breast Neoplasms - genetics
Breast Neoplasms - metabolism
Breast Neoplasms - pathology
Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens
Cell Cycle - drug effects
Cyclin D1 - metabolism
Diet
estrogen receptors
Estrogens - pharmacology
Female
Food Handling
Genistein
Humans
Medical sciences
Mice
Mice, Nude
Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - genetics
Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - metabolism
Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - pathology
Ovariectomy
progesterone receptor
Proteins - metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone - metabolism
Soy Foods
Trefoil Factor-1
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Tumor Suppressor Proteins
Tumors
title Soy processing influences growth of estrogen-dependent breast cancer tumors
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