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Multivariate analysis for evaluation the water quality of Tigris river within Baghdad city in Iraq
The aim of this study is to evaluate the water quality of Tigris river by measuring the physicochemical parameters of the river within Baghdad city in Iraq from the period of February 2017 to February 2018. Four sites were selected from upreach, reach and downreach. Temperature of air and water, pH,...
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| Published in: | Iraqi journal of agricultural science 2019-01, Vol.50 (1), p.331-342 |
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| container_end_page | 342 |
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 331 |
| container_title | Iraqi journal of agricultural science |
| container_volume | 50 |
| creator | al-Ani, Rana Riyad Khalil al-Ubaydi, Abd al-Hamid Muhammad Jawad Hasan, Fikrat Majid |
| description | The aim of this study is to evaluate the water quality of Tigris river by measuring the
physicochemical parameters of the river within Baghdad city in Iraq from the period of
February 2017 to February 2018. Four sites were selected from upreach, reach and
downreach. Temperature of air and water, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity and water flow
were measured in the field, While, the laboratory measurements included total dissolved
substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS), turbidity, nutrients (nitrite, nitrate and
phosphate), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved
oxygen (DO), organic matter and total organic carbon (TOC), these parameters were used to
indicate the pollution of Tigris River ecosystem. The results show that all parameters
variation in both seasons (wet and dry), which has led to a deterioration in water quality. A
higher level of contamination was recorded at reach sites (Al-Sarrafia Bridge and Al-Shuhada
Bridge) in contrast to other sites (Al-Muthanna Bridge and Al-Dora Bridge). This indicates
that the Tigris river in the middle of Baghdad city is more polluted due to the anthropogenic |
| doi_str_mv | 10.36103/ijas.v50i1.299 |
| format | article |
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physicochemical parameters of the river within Baghdad city in Iraq from the period of
February 2017 to February 2018. Four sites were selected from upreach, reach and
downreach. Temperature of air and water, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity and water flow
were measured in the field, While, the laboratory measurements included total dissolved
substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS), turbidity, nutrients (nitrite, nitrate and
phosphate), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved
oxygen (DO), organic matter and total organic carbon (TOC), these parameters were used to
indicate the pollution of Tigris River ecosystem. The results show that all parameters
variation in both seasons (wet and dry), which has led to a deterioration in water quality. A
higher level of contamination was recorded at reach sites (Al-Sarrafia Bridge and Al-Shuhada
Bridge) in contrast to other sites (Al-Muthanna Bridge and Al-Dora Bridge). This indicates
that the Tigris river in the middle of Baghdad city is more polluted due to the anthropogenic</description><identifier>ISSN: 0075-0530</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2410-0862</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v50i1.299</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Baghdad, Iraq: University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture</publisher><subject>Air temperature ; Anthropogenic factors ; Aquatic ecosystems ; Biochemical oxygen demand ; Chemical oxygen demand ; Contamination ; Dissolved oxygen ; Drinking water ; Electric bridges ; Electrical conductivity ; Electrical resistivity ; Environmental impact ; Global positioning systems ; GPS ; Human influences ; Laboratories ; Multivariate analysis ; Nitrates ; Nutrients ; Organic carbon ; Organic chemistry ; Organic matter ; Oxygen ; Parameters ; Pollution ; Principal components analysis ; River ecology ; Rivers ; Salinity ; Surface water ; Total organic carbon ; Turbidity ; Water flow ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; الأنهار ; التحليل متعدد المتغيرات ; جودة المياه</subject><ispartof>Iraqi journal of agricultural science, 2019-01, Vol.50 (1), p.331-342</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-1d86a203ba7171af976376a98d96d1153a98693fd297a0f975752b237ddd34833</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2199073063/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2199073063?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml></links><search><creatorcontrib>al-Ani, Rana Riyad Khalil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>al-Ubaydi, Abd al-Hamid Muhammad Jawad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hasan, Fikrat Majid</creatorcontrib><title>Multivariate analysis for evaluation the water quality of Tigris river within Baghdad city in Iraq</title><title>Iraqi journal of agricultural science</title><description>The aim of this study is to evaluate the water quality of Tigris river by measuring the
physicochemical parameters of the river within Baghdad city in Iraq from the period of
February 2017 to February 2018. Four sites were selected from upreach, reach and
downreach. Temperature of air and water, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity and water flow
were measured in the field, While, the laboratory measurements included total dissolved
substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS), turbidity, nutrients (nitrite, nitrate and
phosphate), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved
oxygen (DO), organic matter and total organic carbon (TOC), these parameters were used to
indicate the pollution of Tigris River ecosystem. The results show that all parameters
variation in both seasons (wet and dry), which has led to a deterioration in water quality. A
higher level of contamination was recorded at reach sites (Al-Sarrafia Bridge and Al-Shuhada
Bridge) in contrast to other sites (Al-Muthanna Bridge and Al-Dora Bridge). This indicates
that the Tigris river in the middle of Baghdad city is more polluted due to the anthropogenic</description><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Aquatic ecosystems</subject><subject>Biochemical oxygen demand</subject><subject>Chemical oxygen demand</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Dissolved oxygen</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Electric bridges</subject><subject>Electrical conductivity</subject><subject>Electrical resistivity</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Global positioning systems</subject><subject>GPS</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Multivariate analysis</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Organic carbon</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>River ecology</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Total organic carbon</subject><subject>Turbidity</subject><subject>Water flow</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>الأنهار</subject><subject>التحليل متعدد المتغيرات</subject><subject>جودة المياه</subject><issn>0075-0530</issn><issn>2410-0862</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kM1PAjEQxRujiQQ5ezJp4nlh2u6226MSP0gwXvDcDLQLJSsL7e4a_nsLGE8z8-b3JplHyD2DsZAMxMRvMY77Ajwbc62vyIDnDDIoJb8mAwBVZFAIuCWjGLcAwAqZRD0gy4-ubn2PwWPrKO6wPkYfadUE6nqsO2x9s6PtxtGfBAR66LD27ZE2FV34dUho8H3Sf3y78Tv6jOuNRUtXJybNs4CHO3JTYR3d6K8Oydfry2L6ns0_32bTp3m24pq1GbOlRA5iiYophpVWUiiJurRaWsYKkVqpRWW5VghpXaiCL7lQ1lqRl0IMyePl7j40h87F1mybLqSPouFMa1AC5ImaXKhVaGIMrjL74L8xHA0Dc87SnLI05yxNyjI5Hi4OlzBX4b-h1HkulfgFzXZyBw</recordid><startdate>20190101</startdate><enddate>20190101</enddate><creator>al-Ani, Rana Riyad Khalil</creator><creator>al-Ubaydi, Abd al-Hamid Muhammad Jawad</creator><creator>Hasan, Fikrat Majid</creator><general>University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture</general><general>Jami'at Baghdad</general><scope>ADJCN</scope><scope>AHFXO</scope><scope>AHQOB</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190101</creationdate><title>Multivariate analysis for evaluation the water quality of Tigris river within Baghdad city in Iraq</title><author>al-Ani, Rana Riyad Khalil ; al-Ubaydi, Abd al-Hamid Muhammad Jawad ; Hasan, Fikrat Majid</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-1d86a203ba7171af976376a98d96d1153a98693fd297a0f975752b237ddd34833</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Air temperature</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Aquatic ecosystems</topic><topic>Biochemical oxygen demand</topic><topic>Chemical oxygen demand</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Dissolved oxygen</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Electric bridges</topic><topic>Electrical conductivity</topic><topic>Electrical resistivity</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Global positioning systems</topic><topic>GPS</topic><topic>Human influences</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Multivariate analysis</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Nutrients</topic><topic>Organic carbon</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Organic matter</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Principal components analysis</topic><topic>River ecology</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Salinity</topic><topic>Surface water</topic><topic>Total organic carbon</topic><topic>Turbidity</topic><topic>Water flow</topic><topic>Water pollution</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>الأنهار</topic><topic>التحليل متعدد المتغيرات</topic><topic>جودة المياه</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>al-Ani, Rana Riyad Khalil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>al-Ubaydi, Abd al-Hamid Muhammad Jawad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hasan, Fikrat Majid</creatorcontrib><collection>الدوريات العلمية والإحصائية - e-Marefa Academic and Statistical Periodicals</collection><collection>معرفة - المحتوى العربي الأكاديمي المتكامل - e-Marefa Academic Complete</collection><collection>الشؤون الدولية والعربية - e-Marefa International & Arab Affairs</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Iraqi journal of agricultural science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>al-Ani, Rana Riyad Khalil</au><au>al-Ubaydi, Abd al-Hamid Muhammad Jawad</au><au>Hasan, Fikrat Majid</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Multivariate analysis for evaluation the water quality of Tigris river within Baghdad city in Iraq</atitle><jtitle>Iraqi journal of agricultural science</jtitle><date>2019-01-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>50</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>331</spage><epage>342</epage><pages>331-342</pages><issn>0075-0530</issn><eissn>2410-0862</eissn><abstract>The aim of this study is to evaluate the water quality of Tigris river by measuring the
physicochemical parameters of the river within Baghdad city in Iraq from the period of
February 2017 to February 2018. Four sites were selected from upreach, reach and
downreach. Temperature of air and water, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity and water flow
were measured in the field, While, the laboratory measurements included total dissolved
substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS), turbidity, nutrients (nitrite, nitrate and
phosphate), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved
oxygen (DO), organic matter and total organic carbon (TOC), these parameters were used to
indicate the pollution of Tigris River ecosystem. The results show that all parameters
variation in both seasons (wet and dry), which has led to a deterioration in water quality. A
higher level of contamination was recorded at reach sites (Al-Sarrafia Bridge and Al-Shuhada
Bridge) in contrast to other sites (Al-Muthanna Bridge and Al-Dora Bridge). This indicates
that the Tigris river in the middle of Baghdad city is more polluted due to the anthropogenic</abstract><cop>Baghdad, Iraq</cop><pub>University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture</pub><doi>10.36103/ijas.v50i1.299</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0075-0530 |
| ispartof | Iraqi journal of agricultural science, 2019-01, Vol.50 (1), p.331-342 |
| issn | 0075-0530 2410-0862 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2199073063 |
| source | Publicly Available Content Database |
| subjects | Air temperature Anthropogenic factors Aquatic ecosystems Biochemical oxygen demand Chemical oxygen demand Contamination Dissolved oxygen Drinking water Electric bridges Electrical conductivity Electrical resistivity Environmental impact Global positioning systems GPS Human influences Laboratories Multivariate analysis Nitrates Nutrients Organic carbon Organic chemistry Organic matter Oxygen Parameters Pollution Principal components analysis River ecology Rivers Salinity Surface water Total organic carbon Turbidity Water flow Water pollution Water quality الأنهار التحليل متعدد المتغيرات جودة المياه |
| title | Multivariate analysis for evaluation the water quality of Tigris river within Baghdad city in Iraq |
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