Beautified QR code with high storage capacity using sequential module modulation

For the issue of beautification and capacity expansion of the Quick Response(QR) code, we proposed an algorithm based on sequential module modulation. First, the modules for the padding codewords are modulated by the module-based binarized background image. Then, to increase the storage capacity, lo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Multimedia tools and applications 2019-08, Vol.78 (16), p.22575-22599
Main Authors: Cai, Hui-Li, Yan, Bin, Chen, Na, Pan, Jeng-Shyang, Yang, Hong-Mei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Codes
Computer Communication Networks
Computer Science
Data Structures and Information Theory
Decoding
Error correction & detection
Modulation
Modules
Multimedia
Multimedia Information Systems
Optimization
Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems
Storage capacity
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Summary:For the issue of beautification and capacity expansion of the Quick Response(QR) code, we proposed an algorithm based on sequential module modulation. First, the modules for the padding codewords are modulated by the module-based binarized background image. Then, to increase the storage capacity, low-pass textured patterns are designed for both the black modules and the white modules. The modules of the plain QR code are modulated by the second-level message. Finally, these modulated modules are further modulated by the L-channel of the background image in Lab color space. The module elimination parameter in the second modulation is optimized to maximize an objective function that accounts for both the visual quality and the decoding error. Experimental results demonstrate that, the proposed algorithm is superior to the reference method in terms of visual quality and capacity.
ISSN:1380-7501
1573-7721
DOI:10.1007/s11042-019-7504-9