Kinetics of chlorine decay

Proper understanding, characterization, and prediction of water quality behavior in drinking water distribution systems are critical to ensure meeting regulatory requirements and customeroriented expectations. This article investigates the factors leading to loss of chlorine residual in water distri...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal - American Water Works Association 1997-07, Vol.89 (7), p.54-65
Main Authors: Vasconcelos, John J., Rossman, Lewis A., Grayman, Walter M., Boulos, Paul F., Clark, Robert M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
By products
Calibration
Chlorine
Constant coefficients
Disinfection & disinfectants
Distribution Systems
Drinking water
Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination
Environmental protection
Exact sciences and technology
Field study
Hydraulics
Kinetics
Laboratories
Mass Transfer
Modeling
Pollution
Reaction kinetics
Residual Chlorine
Sampling
Water quality
Water supply systems
Water treatment
Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:Proper understanding, characterization, and prediction of water quality behavior in drinking water distribution systems are critical to ensure meeting regulatory requirements and customeroriented expectations. This article investigates the factors leading to loss of chlorine residual in water distribution systems. Kinetic rate equations describing the decay of chlorine were developed, tested, and evaluated using data collected in field-sampling studies conducted at several water utility sites. Results indicated that chlorine decay in distribution systems can be characterized as a combination of first-order reactions in the bulk liquid and first-order or zero-order mass transfer-limited reactions at the pipe wall. Wall reaction kinetic constants were inversely proportional to pipe roughness coefficients. Wide variations in both bulk reaction constants and wall reaction constants were observed among the sites.
ISSN:0003-150X
1551-8833
DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08259.x