Smartphone based context-aware driver behavior classification using dynamic bayesian network

• Published in: Journal of intelligent & fuzzy systems 2019-01, Vol.36 (5), p.4399-4412
• Main Authors: Chhabra, Rishu, Krishna, C. Rama, Verma, Seema
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accelerometers; Algorithms; Ambient intelligence; Bayesian analysis; Classification; Developing countries; Driver behavior; Driver fatigue; Drivers; Driving; Drunkenness; Hardware; Intelligent transportation systems; LDCs; Machine learning; Pedestrians; Questionnaires; Sensors; Smartphones; Traffic accidents; Traffic accidents & safety; Traffic safety; Trucking industry; Vehicle safety
• ISSN: 1064-1246; 1875-8967
• DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-169995

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aim at reducing the risks associated with the transportation system as road accidents are becoming one of the primary causes of death in developing countries. Monitoring of driver behavior is one of the key areas of ITS and assists in vehicle safety systems. It has gained importance in order to reduce traffic accidents and ensure the safety of all the road users, from the drivers to the pedestrians. In this work, we present a context-aware system that considers the vehicle, driver and the environment for driver behavior classification as a safe or fatigue or unsafe driver (representing any other unsafe driving behavior like a drunk driver, reckless driver etc.) using a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN). We have designed a questionnaire to obtain the influencing factors that decide safe, unsafe and fatigue driving behavior. The collected data has been analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). It has been observed that several techniques in the past have been proposed for driver behavior classification or detection; which either use specialized sensors or hardware devices, inbuilt smartphone sensors (like a gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer and GPS etc.), complex sensor fusion algorithms and techniques to detect driver behavior. The novelty of our work lies in designing and developing a context-aware system based on Android smartphone; that considers the complete driving context (driver, vehicle and surrounding environment) and classifies the driver behavior using a DBN. In order to identify driver fatigue, results from the designed questionnaire and previous research studies have been used without the need for special hardware devices. A DBN that combines all the contextual information has been created using GeNIe Modeler. Learning of DBN has been carried out using the Expec-tation–Maximization (EM) algorithm. The real-time data for DBN learning and testing has been collected on Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, India using an Android smartphone. The proposed system yields an overall classification accuracy of 80–83%.The focus of this paper is to develop a cost-effective context-aware driver behavior classification system, to promote ITS in developing countries.