Efficacy of five selected acaricides against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and their side effects on relevant natural enemies occurring in citrus orchards

BACKGROUND: Three groups of natural enemies are fundamental in citrus IPM in Spain: coccinellid and phytoseiid predators and hymenopteran parasitoids. Tetranychus urticae Koch is an important pest affecting citrus, for which biological control has not yet been achieved; therefore, acaricides are com...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pest management science 2008-08, Vol.64 (8), p.834-842
Main Authors: Urbaneja, Alberto, Pascual-Ruiz, Sara, Pina, Tatiana, Abad-Moyano, Raquel, Vanaclocha, Pilar, Montón, Helga, Dembilio, Oscar, Castañera, Pedro, Jacas, Josep A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acaricides
adverse effects
Animals
Aphidius colemani
Biological and medical sciences
Biological control
biological control agents
Citrus
Citrus - parasitology
Citrus fruits
clofentezine
Coccinellidae
Coleoptera - drug effects
Control
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
Effectiveness studies
fenazaquin
fenbutatin oxide
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hymenoptera - drug effects
Insecticides - pharmacology
Insecticides - toxicity
mineral oil
natural enemies
Neoseiulus californicus
orchards
Pest control
Pesticides
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
Phytoseiidae
Plant Diseases - parasitology
Predatory Behavior
Protozoa. Invertebrates
Side effects
tebufenpirad
Tetranychidae - drug effects
Tetranychus urticae
Tick Control
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Summary:BACKGROUND: Three groups of natural enemies are fundamental in citrus IPM in Spain: coccinellid and phytoseiid predators and hymenopteran parasitoids. Tetranychus urticae Koch is an important pest affecting citrus, for which biological control has not yet been achieved; therefore, acaricides are commonly used to control it. The goal of this study was to measure the efficacy of different acaricides on this mite and their side effects on three natural enemies relevant for citrus (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, Neoseiulus californicus McGregor and Aphidius colemani Viereck).RESULTS: Some products proved highly effective against T. urticae and harmless to A. colemani (mineral oil, tebufenpyrad, clofentezine and fenazaquin). However, almost all products tested were slightly harmful for both the predators considered. Fenazaquin was even moderately harmful for N. californicus.CONCLUSION: Further studies, like that presented here, are necessary to gain a better understanding of integrating biological and chemical controls. When considering both efficacy and side effects on beneficial arthropods, the best options would seem to be mineral oil, tebufenpyrad and clofentezine. However, it is urgent to complete testing of the side effects of the acaricides used in citrus. This question is crucial if the fact that two recently introduced Tetranychidae are being controlled in citrus by chemical means exclusively is considered. Copyright
ISSN:1526-498X
1526-4998
DOI:10.1002/ps.1572