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efficacy of a petroleum spray oil against Aphis gossypii Glover on cotton. Part 2: Indirect effects of oil deposits

The primary mode of action of petroleum spray oils (PSOs) on pest insects is through direct contact. Indirect effects are, however, also possible, and deposits of the oils may influence pest populations by killing insects and/or by influencing their behaviour. The indirect effects of deposits of a n...

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Published in:Pest management science 2007-06, Vol.63 (6), p.596-607
Main Authors: Najar-Rodríguez, A.J, Walter, G.H, Mensah, R.K
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description The primary mode of action of petroleum spray oils (PSOs) on pest insects is through direct contact. Indirect effects are, however, also possible, and deposits of the oils may influence pest populations by killing insects and/or by influencing their behaviour. The indirect effects of deposits of a new nC24 oil against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were therefore determined. The effects of oil deposits on the acceptance of cotton as host plant by the aphids were assessed, as well as aphid mortality rates and their success in the establishment of colonies. The efficacy of deposits of a heavier oil (nC27) was also evaluated. Deposits of PSO were toxic to A. gossypii and remained effective until 8 days after spraying. Mortality decreased with time, so that, the older the deposit, the lower was the mortality. Significantly higher aphid mortalities were achieved on younger leaves than on mature ones. Thus, leaf age proved a significant factor in the efficacy of the deposits. Consecutive prophylactic applications (at 9 day intervals) did not have a cumulative effect, and their killing power proved to be independent of one another. Thus, applying the oil prior to aphid infestations would confer only minimal protection. The mortality inflicted by the deposits was not improved by increasing the molecular mass of the oil used (nC27 oil), but the toxic life of the oil deposit was increased. Oil deposits did not deter alates from landing on oil-sprayed plants. Oil deposits did, however, affect subsequent alate and nymphal survival, and thus the establishment of aphid colonies. The impact that the oils could have on the longer-term development of aphid populations in the field was thus demonstrated. First- and second-instar nymphs were the most susceptible life stages, with > 50% mortality compared with < 10% for the other stages. These nymphs did not show the typical signs of oil-induced mortality observed in aphids killed by direct oil applications, which suggests an alternative mode of action to that of the directly applied oil. Anoxia does not seem to be involved in either process, and alternative modes of action of the oil deposits are discussed. The implications of these findings for cotton aphid control are also considered, primarily in relation to the timing and frequency of oil application.
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Part 2: Indirect effects of oil deposits</title><title>Pest management science</title><addtitle>Pest. Manag. Sci</addtitle><description>The primary mode of action of petroleum spray oils (PSOs) on pest insects is through direct contact. Indirect effects are, however, also possible, and deposits of the oils may influence pest populations by killing insects and/or by influencing their behaviour. The indirect effects of deposits of a new nC24 oil against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were therefore determined. The effects of oil deposits on the acceptance of cotton as host plant by the aphids were assessed, as well as aphid mortality rates and their success in the establishment of colonies. The efficacy of deposits of a heavier oil (nC27) was also evaluated. Deposits of PSO were toxic to A. gossypii and remained effective until 8 days after spraying. Mortality decreased with time, so that, the older the deposit, the lower was the mortality. Significantly higher aphid mortalities were achieved on younger leaves than on mature ones. Thus, leaf age proved a significant factor in the efficacy of the deposits. Consecutive prophylactic applications (at 9 day intervals) did not have a cumulative effect, and their killing power proved to be independent of one another. Thus, applying the oil prior to aphid infestations would confer only minimal protection. The mortality inflicted by the deposits was not improved by increasing the molecular mass of the oil used (nC27 oil), but the toxic life of the oil deposit was increased. Oil deposits did not deter alates from landing on oil-sprayed plants. Oil deposits did, however, affect subsequent alate and nymphal survival, and thus the establishment of aphid colonies. The impact that the oils could have on the longer-term development of aphid populations in the field was thus demonstrated. First- and second-instar nymphs were the most susceptible life stages, with &gt; 50% mortality compared with &lt; 10% for the other stages. These nymphs did not show the typical signs of oil-induced mortality observed in aphids killed by direct oil applications, which suggests an alternative mode of action to that of the directly applied oil. Anoxia does not seem to be involved in either process, and alternative modes of action of the oil deposits are discussed. The implications of these findings for cotton aphid control are also considered, primarily in relation to the timing and frequency of oil application.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aphids - growth &amp; development</subject><subject>Aphids - physiology</subject><subject>Aphis gossypii</subject><subject>application rate</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal - drug effects</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Cotton</subject><subject>Effectiveness</subject><subject>fipronil</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gossypium - parasitology</subject><subject>Gossypium hirsutum</subject><subject>imidacloprid</subject><subject>industrial oils</subject><subject>Insect control</subject><subject>insect pests</subject><subject>Insecticides - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Insecticides - chemistry</subject><subject>Insecticides - pharmacology</subject><subject>integrated pest management</subject><subject>mechanism of action</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nymph</subject><subject>oil deposits</subject><subject>Oils &amp; fats</subject><subject>Oils - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Oils - chemistry</subject><subject>Oils - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pesticide Residues - pharmacology</subject><subject>Petroleum</subject><subject>petroleum spray oils</subject><subject>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</subject><subject>Protozoa. 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Deposits of PSO were toxic to A. gossypii and remained effective until 8 days after spraying. Mortality decreased with time, so that, the older the deposit, the lower was the mortality. Significantly higher aphid mortalities were achieved on younger leaves than on mature ones. Thus, leaf age proved a significant factor in the efficacy of the deposits. Consecutive prophylactic applications (at 9 day intervals) did not have a cumulative effect, and their killing power proved to be independent of one another. Thus, applying the oil prior to aphid infestations would confer only minimal protection. The mortality inflicted by the deposits was not improved by increasing the molecular mass of the oil used (nC27 oil), but the toxic life of the oil deposit was increased. Oil deposits did not deter alates from landing on oil-sprayed plants. Oil deposits did, however, affect subsequent alate and nymphal survival, and thus the establishment of aphid colonies. The impact that the oils could have on the longer-term development of aphid populations in the field was thus demonstrated. First- and second-instar nymphs were the most susceptible life stages, with &gt; 50% mortality compared with &lt; 10% for the other stages. These nymphs did not show the typical signs of oil-induced mortality observed in aphids killed by direct oil applications, which suggests an alternative mode of action to that of the directly applied oil. Anoxia does not seem to be involved in either process, and alternative modes of action of the oil deposits are discussed. The implications of these findings for cotton aphid control are also considered, primarily in relation to the timing and frequency of oil application.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>17469081</pmid><doi>10.1002/ps.1384</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1526-498X
ispartof Pest management science, 2007-06, Vol.63 (6), p.596-607
issn 1526-498X
1526-4998
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recordid cdi_proquest_journals_222667792
source Wiley
subjects Animals
Aphids - growth & development
Aphids - physiology
Aphis gossypii
application rate
Behavior, Animal - drug effects
Biological and medical sciences
Control
Cotton
Effectiveness
fipronil
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gossypium - parasitology
Gossypium hirsutum
imidacloprid
industrial oils
Insect control
insect pests
Insecticides - administration & dosage
Insecticides - chemistry
Insecticides - pharmacology
integrated pest management
mechanism of action
Mortality
Nymph
oil deposits
Oils & fats
Oils - administration & dosage
Oils - chemistry
Oils - pharmacology
Pesticide Residues - pharmacology
Petroleum
petroleum spray oils
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
Protozoa. Invertebrates
spraying
title efficacy of a petroleum spray oil against Aphis gossypii Glover on cotton. Part 2: Indirect effects of oil deposits
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