Usutu virus: current knowledge and future perspectives

The Flavivirus genus (Flaviviridae family) contains important pathogens such as yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, St Louis encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Usutu virus (USUV), Zika virus, and dengue virus, many of which constitute a worrisome threat to global human and animal heal...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Virus adaptation and treatment 2017-01, Vol.9, p.27-40
Main Authors: Saiz, Juan-Carlos, Blazquez, Ana-Belen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Birds
Care and treatment
Causes of
Dengue virus
Diagnosis
Disease transmission
Encephalitis
Genomes
Health aspects
Mosquitoes
Mutation
Phylogenetics
Proteins
Public health
Trees
Vaccines
Vectors (Biology)
Viruses
West Nile virus
Yellow fever
Zika virus
Zoonoses
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Summary:The Flavivirus genus (Flaviviridae family) contains important pathogens such as yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, St Louis encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Usutu virus (USUV), Zika virus, and dengue virus, many of which constitute a worrisome threat to global human and animal health. USUV is transmitted by mosquitoes and, as any other flavivirus, is an enveloped plus-strand RNA virus. The virus was first isolated from Culex neavei mosquitoes in South Africa in 1959 near the Usutu River, from where it takes its name. Since then, the virus was confined to Africa until its first detection in Austria in 2001, although it was probably present in Europe since 1996 or even earlier. After that, USUV has spread throughout Europe, causing a considerable mortality among birds and a few neurologic cases in humans. The main USUV natural hosts are birds, but infection has also been reported in other vertebrate species, including humans. The fast spread of the virus through the continent, the relatively high mortality caused in birds, and the recent neuroinvasive human cases related to USUV infection reported in Europe have raised serious concerns about its possible consequences for public health. Here, an updated review of current knowledge about this emerging pathogen is presented. Keywords: Usutu virus, flavivirus, host cell-virus interactions, surveillance, prophylaxis
ISSN:1179-1624
1179-1624
DOI:10.2147/VAAT.S123619