Structure Changes in Carbon Films Prepared by Electron-Beam-Assisted Deposition

Carbon films 50–180 nm thick on nickel substrates are fabricated by the ion sputtering of graphite and the deposition of heavy hydrocarbons from the gas phase with simultaneous electron irradiation. Irradiation results in the formation of bonds in carbon films due to the sp and sp 3 hybridization of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Surface investigation, x-ray, synchrotron and neutron techniques x-ray, synchrotron and neutron techniques, 2019-03, Vol.13 (2), p.317-325
Main Authors: Korshunov, S. N., Lebedev, A. M., Martynenko, Yu. V., Svechnikov, N. Yu, Skorlupkin, I. D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allotropy
Bonding strength
Breakage
Carbon
Chemistry and Materials Science
Current density
Deposition
Electron beams
Electron energy
Electron irradiation
Hydrocarbons
Materials Science
Microhardness
Reduction
Specific volume
Substrates
Surfaces and Interfaces
Thick films
Thin Films
Vapor phases
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Summary:Carbon films 50–180 nm thick on nickel substrates are fabricated by the ion sputtering of graphite and the deposition of heavy hydrocarbons from the gas phase with simultaneous electron irradiation. Irradiation results in the formation of bonds in carbon films due to the sp and sp 3 hybridization of orbitals ( sp and sp 3 bonds), mainly, sp 3 bonds. A fraction of these bonds does not change with growth in the electron energy; it increases three-fold with a reduction in the temperature and an increase in the electron current density. Electron irradiation enhances the film microhardness which exceeds 12 GPa. The films, prepared by heavy hydrocarbon deposition, contain CH n bonds and a small fraction of sp 3 bonds. The maximum value of the microhardness of the hydrocarbon films is no more than 4.5 GPa. The analysis of the proposed model of the kinetics of forming different allotropic phases in a carbon film to be deposited shows that a temperature reduction changes the specific volume of an atom in the lattice, while under conditions of simultaneous electron irradiation, it appreciably increases the content of the phase with sp 3 bonds. The effect of sp i -bond breakage during electron-beam-assisted deposition weakly depends on the electron energy. The weak excitations of electrons of carbon atoms can also result in the formation of sp 3 bonds and increases their concentration with growth in the electron current density.
ISSN:1027-4510
1819-7094
DOI:10.1134/S1027451019020307