Neurogenesis and antidepressant action

A theoretical framework is proposed to gain insight into the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite being a relatively weak argument, the neurogenesis theory is suggested to compensate for the limitations of the monoamine theory. In the adult hippocampus, neurogenesis is functional...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell and tissue research 2019-07, Vol.377 (1), p.95-106
Main Author: Park, Seon-Cheol
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antidepressants
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cognitive ability
Dentate gyrus
Depression, Mental
Hippocampus
Human Genetics
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Hypothalamus
Inflammation
Information processing
Laws, regulations and rules
Mental depression
Molecular Medicine
Neurogenesis
Neurons
Pituitary
Proteomics
Remission
Review
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Summary:A theoretical framework is proposed to gain insight into the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite being a relatively weak argument, the neurogenesis theory is suggested to compensate for the limitations of the monoamine theory. In the adult hippocampus, neurogenesis is functionally related to regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, inflammatory processes, cognitive functions and other aspects that contribute to etiological factors that lead to MDD and promote recovery from MDD. Despite a lack of investigation into neurogenesis and antidepressant action, it is proposed that chronic administration of antidepressant(s) can induce the recruitment and integration of newborn neurons into the dentate gyrus and, ultimately, lead to the remission of MDD. The extant body of literature indicates that the suppression of neurogenesis per se may be associated with an impaired response to antidepressant treatment rather than with the induction of depressive-like behaviors. Moreover, recent studies have shown that increasing the survival rate and incorporation of new neurons can alleviate depressive-like behaviors and promote stress resilience. According to the neurogenic reserve hypothesis, hippocampal neurogenesis supports specific cortical functions, including executive functions, pattern separation and contextual information processing, control over the HPA axis and behavioral coping mechanisms in response to stressful situations. Therefore, hippocampal neurogenesis may be a promising biological indicator of stress resilience and antidepressant response in patients with MDD.
ISSN:0302-766X
1432-0878
DOI:10.1007/s00441-019-03043-5