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A Fast and Simple Procedure for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Determination in Egg Samples by Using Microextraction by Packed Sorbent and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame retardants used in numerous consumer products to increase product resistance to fire and/or high temperatures. However, several studies suggest potential harmful effects on human health after exposure to these compounds. Since diet is a rel...
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| Published in: | Food analytical methods 2019-07, Vol.12 (7), p.1528-1535 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-a65d2d61e994d10b5c0d99a0fad6a861d2ecf11f91b3e6ec71bbda0563e886a13 |
| container_end_page | 1535 |
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| container_title | Food analytical methods |
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| creator | Souza, Marilia Cristina Oliveira Rocha, Bruno Alves Souza, Juliana Maria Oliveira Berretta, Andresa Aparecida Barbosa, Fernando |
| description | Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame retardants used in numerous consumer products to increase product resistance to fire and/or high temperatures. However, several studies suggest potential harmful effects on human health after exposure to these compounds. Since diet is a relevant source of PBDE exposure, food samples must be routinely monitored to check for possible contamination. On the other hand, routine food monitoring procedures require fast, simple, sensitive, and selective analytical methodologies. Therefore, in this study, an original method combining microextraction by packed sorbent and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the determination of six congeners of PBDEs (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, and BDE-154) in egg samples was proposed. The attractive advances over current protocols include the reduced sample amount required (50 mg of freeze-dried egg), the low solvent volumes (lower than 300 μL), the lower detection limit (LOD = 0.42 ng/g lw), and an excellent reproducibility and repeatability ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12161-019-01484-w |
| format | article |
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PBDEs
) was 16.7 ng/g lw.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1936-9751</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1936-976X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01484-w</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Analytical Chemistry ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Chemistry/Food Science ; Chromatography ; Commercialization ; Congeners ; Consumer products ; Contamination ; Diphenyl ether ; Eggs ; Ethers ; Exposure ; Fire resistance ; Flame retardants ; Food ; Food contamination ; Food Science ; Gas chromatography ; High temperature ; Lipids ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Microbiology ; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ; Reproducibility ; Retardants ; Scientific imaging ; Sorbents ; Spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Food analytical methods, 2019-07, Vol.12 (7), p.1528-1535</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>Copyright Springer Nature B.V. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-a65d2d61e994d10b5c0d99a0fad6a861d2ecf11f91b3e6ec71bbda0563e886a13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-a65d2d61e994d10b5c0d99a0fad6a861d2ecf11f91b3e6ec71bbda0563e886a13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2498-0619</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Souza, Marilia Cristina Oliveira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rocha, Bruno Alves</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Souza, Juliana Maria Oliveira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berretta, Andresa Aparecida</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barbosa, Fernando</creatorcontrib><title>A Fast and Simple Procedure for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Determination in Egg Samples by Using Microextraction by Packed Sorbent and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry</title><title>Food analytical methods</title><addtitle>Food Anal. Methods</addtitle><description>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame retardants used in numerous consumer products to increase product resistance to fire and/or high temperatures. However, several studies suggest potential harmful effects on human health after exposure to these compounds. Since diet is a relevant source of PBDE exposure, food samples must be routinely monitored to check for possible contamination. On the other hand, routine food monitoring procedures require fast, simple, sensitive, and selective analytical methodologies. Therefore, in this study, an original method combining microextraction by packed sorbent and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the determination of six congeners of PBDEs (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, and BDE-154) in egg samples was proposed. The attractive advances over current protocols include the reduced sample amount required (50 mg of freeze-dried egg), the low solvent volumes (lower than 300 μL), the lower detection limit (LOD = 0.42 ng/g lw), and an excellent reproducibility and repeatability (< 10 and 8%, respectively). Furthermore, the method is fast and simple. After validation, the proposed method was applied to the determination of PBDEs in 40 samples, including free-range and conventional eggs commercialized in Brazil. The free-range eggs presented the highest detection percentage of PBDEs, corresponding to 67.7%, and BDE-47 was the predominant PBDE found (30% of samples). The mean value observed for BDE-47 was 5.9 ng/g lipid weight (lw), whereas the sum of all analyzed PBDEs (∑
PBDEs
) was 16.7 ng/g lw.</description><subject>Analytical Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Chemistry/Food Science</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Commercialization</subject><subject>Congeners</subject><subject>Consumer products</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Diphenyl ether</subject><subject>Eggs</subject><subject>Ethers</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Fire resistance</subject><subject>Flame retardants</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food contamination</subject><subject>Food Science</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>High temperature</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers</subject><subject>Reproducibility</subject><subject>Retardants</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Sorbents</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><issn>1936-9751</issn><issn>1936-976X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9Uc1q3DAQNqWFpklfoCdBzm409lprHcNmkxYSurAN9CbG0tjrZFdyJS2pb3mHvkieKU9SZV2aWw-DBr4_Rl-WfQL-GTifnwUoQEDOQaaZ1bP84U12BLIUuZyLH2__7RW8zz6EcMe54DMojrKnc3aJITK0hq373bAltvJOk9l7Yq3zbOW2Y-PdrrcYybCLftiQHbdsGTfk2QVF8gesd5b1li27jq3xxSewZmS3obcdu-m1d_QretQHXgJWqO-T3dr5huwUf4WBLTYpCqPrPA6b8fnx9w2GwNYD6ZgAin48yd61uA308e97nN1eLr8vvuTX366-Ls6vc12CjDmKyhRGAEk5M8CbSnMjJfIWjcBagClItwCthKYkQXoOTWOQV6KkuhYI5XF2OvkO3v3cU4jqzu29TZGqKMoq_Tavy8QqJlY6MARPrRp8v0M_KuDqpRk1NaNSM-rQjHpIonIShUS2HflX6_-o_gAdJ5bl</recordid><startdate>20190715</startdate><enddate>20190715</enddate><creator>Souza, Marilia Cristina Oliveira</creator><creator>Rocha, Bruno Alves</creator><creator>Souza, Juliana Maria Oliveira</creator><creator>Berretta, Andresa Aparecida</creator><creator>Barbosa, Fernando</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2498-0619</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190715</creationdate><title>A Fast and Simple Procedure for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Determination in Egg Samples by Using Microextraction by Packed Sorbent and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry</title><author>Souza, Marilia Cristina Oliveira ; Rocha, Bruno Alves ; Souza, Juliana Maria Oliveira ; Berretta, Andresa Aparecida ; Barbosa, Fernando</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-a65d2d61e994d10b5c0d99a0fad6a861d2ecf11f91b3e6ec71bbda0563e886a13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Analytical Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Chemistry/Food Science</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Commercialization</topic><topic>Congeners</topic><topic>Consumer products</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Diphenyl ether</topic><topic>Eggs</topic><topic>Ethers</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Fire resistance</topic><topic>Flame retardants</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Food contamination</topic><topic>Food Science</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>High temperature</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers</topic><topic>Reproducibility</topic><topic>Retardants</topic><topic>Scientific imaging</topic><topic>Sorbents</topic><topic>Spectroscopy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Souza, Marilia Cristina Oliveira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rocha, Bruno Alves</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Souza, Juliana Maria Oliveira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berretta, Andresa Aparecida</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barbosa, Fernando</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Food analytical methods</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Souza, Marilia Cristina Oliveira</au><au>Rocha, Bruno Alves</au><au>Souza, Juliana Maria Oliveira</au><au>Berretta, Andresa Aparecida</au><au>Barbosa, Fernando</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Fast and Simple Procedure for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Determination in Egg Samples by Using Microextraction by Packed Sorbent and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry</atitle><jtitle>Food analytical methods</jtitle><stitle>Food Anal. Methods</stitle><date>2019-07-15</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1528</spage><epage>1535</epage><pages>1528-1535</pages><issn>1936-9751</issn><eissn>1936-976X</eissn><abstract>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame retardants used in numerous consumer products to increase product resistance to fire and/or high temperatures. However, several studies suggest potential harmful effects on human health after exposure to these compounds. Since diet is a relevant source of PBDE exposure, food samples must be routinely monitored to check for possible contamination. On the other hand, routine food monitoring procedures require fast, simple, sensitive, and selective analytical methodologies. Therefore, in this study, an original method combining microextraction by packed sorbent and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the determination of six congeners of PBDEs (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, and BDE-154) in egg samples was proposed. The attractive advances over current protocols include the reduced sample amount required (50 mg of freeze-dried egg), the low solvent volumes (lower than 300 μL), the lower detection limit (LOD = 0.42 ng/g lw), and an excellent reproducibility and repeatability (< 10 and 8%, respectively). Furthermore, the method is fast and simple. After validation, the proposed method was applied to the determination of PBDEs in 40 samples, including free-range and conventional eggs commercialized in Brazil. The free-range eggs presented the highest detection percentage of PBDEs, corresponding to 67.7%, and BDE-47 was the predominant PBDE found (30% of samples). The mean value observed for BDE-47 was 5.9 ng/g lipid weight (lw), whereas the sum of all analyzed PBDEs (∑
PBDEs
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| ispartof | Food analytical methods, 2019-07, Vol.12 (7), p.1528-1535 |
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| source | Springer Nature |
| subjects | Analytical Chemistry Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Chemistry/Food Science Chromatography Commercialization Congeners Consumer products Contamination Diphenyl ether Eggs Ethers Exposure Fire resistance Flame retardants Food Food contamination Food Science Gas chromatography High temperature Lipids Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Microbiology Polybrominated diphenyl ethers Reproducibility Retardants Scientific imaging Sorbents Spectroscopy |
| title | A Fast and Simple Procedure for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Determination in Egg Samples by Using Microextraction by Packed Sorbent and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry |
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