A Simple Model for Simulating Tornado Damage in Forests

An analytical model is presented to describe patterns of downed trees produced by tornadic winds. The model uses a combined Rankine vortex of specified tangential and radial components to describe a simple tornado circulation. A total wind field is then computed by adding the forward motion of the v...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied meteorology (1988) 2006-12, Vol.45 (12), p.1597-1611
Main Authors: Holland, Andrew P., Riordan, Allen J., Franklin, E. C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Coniferous forests
Earth, ocean, space
Estimates
Exact sciences and technology
External geophysics
Meteorology
Pine trees
Radial velocity
Storm damage
Storms
Storms, hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms
Tree crowns
Trees
Velocity
Wind
Wind velocity
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Summary:An analytical model is presented to describe patterns of downed trees produced by tornadic winds. The model uses a combined Rankine vortex of specified tangential and radial components to describe a simple tornado circulation. A total wind field is then computed by adding the forward motion of the vortex. The lateral and vertical forces on modeled tree stands are then computed and are compared with physical characteristics of Scots and loblolly pine. From this model, patterns of windfall are computed and are compared to reveal three basic damage patterns: cross-track symmetric, along-track asymmetric, and crisscross asymmetric. These patterns are shown to depend on forward speed, radial speed, and tree resistance. It is anticipated that this model will prove to be useful in assessing storm characteristics from damage patterns observed in forested areas.
ISSN:1558-8424
0894-8763
1558-8432
1520-0450
DOI:10.1175/JAM2413.1