Occurrence of trihalomethanes and haloacetonitriles in water distribution networks of Khon Kaen Municipality, Thailand

The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) in three water distribution networks (Thapra, Kota, and Khon Kaen University (KKU)) in Khon Kaen Municipality, Thailand, from November 2015 to December 2016 was investigated. The highest THMs and HANs were 584 μg/L and 30 μg/L, re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science & technology. Water supply 2019-09, Vol.19 (6), p.1748-1757
Main Authors: Ratpukdi, Thunyalux, Sinorak, Sudarat, Kiattisaksiri, Pradabduang, Punyapalakul, Patiparn, Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi, Sumana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bromination
Cadmium
Chlorine
Chloroform
Climate change
Corrosion potential
Disinfection & disinfectants
Distance
Distribution
Distribution management
Dominant species
Drinking water
Networks
Nitrates
Nitrogen
Submarine pipelines
Trihalomethanes
Water distribution
Water engineering
Water quality
Water shortages
Water supply
Water treatment
Water treatment plants
Water utilities
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Summary:The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) in three water distribution networks (Thapra, Kota, and Khon Kaen University (KKU)) in Khon Kaen Municipality, Thailand, from November 2015 to December 2016 was investigated. The highest THMs and HANs were 584 μg/L and 30 μg/L, respectively. Chloroform was the dominant species of the THM pool and trichloroacetonitriles were the dominant species for HANs. Water treatment plants using free chlorine (Thapra and Kota) formed more THMs than the plant using ClO2 (KKU). In the summer season, more brominate THMs were observed. In many locations, total THM concentrations were found to be higher than the drinking water standard of the Provincial Water Authority of Thailand. The concentration of THMs tended to increase with greater distance from the water plants (as water aged), while HAN concentrations decreased with distance, potentially because they were undergoing hydrolysis in the pipeline.
ISSN:1606-9749
1607-0798
DOI:10.2166/ws.2019.049