Tin() dopant removal through anti-solvent engineering enabling tin based perovskite solar cells with high charge carrier mobilities

We report the need for careful selection of anti-solvents for Sn-based perovskite solar cells fabricated through the commonly used anti-solvent method, compared to their Pb-based counterparts. This, in combination with the film processing conditions used, enables the complete removal of unwanted Sn...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices Materials for optical and electronic devices, 2019, Vol.7 (27), p.8389-8397
Main Authors: Bandara, R. M. I, Jayawardena, K. D. G. I, Adeyemo, S. O, Hinder, S. J, Smith, J. A, Thirimanne, H. M, Wong, N. C, Amin, F. M, Freestone, B. G, Parnell, A. J, Lidzey, D. G, Joyce, H. J, Sporea, R. A, Silva, S. R. P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Circuits
Current carriers
Dopants
Efficiency
Heat treatment
Perovskites
Photovoltaic cells
Short circuit currents
Solar cells
Solvent extraction
Solvents
Tin
Toluene
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Summary:We report the need for careful selection of anti-solvents for Sn-based perovskite solar cells fabricated through the commonly used anti-solvent method, compared to their Pb-based counterparts. This, in combination with the film processing conditions used, enables the complete removal of unwanted Sn 4+ dopants, through engineering the anti-solvent method for Sn-based perovskites. Using a Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I 3 perovskite, charge carrier mobilities of 32 ± 3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 (the highest reported for such systems through the optical-pump terahertz probe technique) together with ∼28 mA cm −2 short circuit current densities are achieved. A champion efficiency of 11.6% was obtained for solvent extraction using toluene (an 80% enhancement in efficiency compared to the other anti-solvents) which is further improved to 12.04% following optimised anti-solvent wash and thermal treatment. Our work highlights the importance of anti-solvents in managing defects for high efficiency low bandgap perovskite materials and develops the potential for all-perovskite tandem solar cells. We report the need for careful selection of anti-solvents for Sn-based perovskite solar cells fabricated through the commonly used anti-solvent method, compared to their Pb-based counterparts.
ISSN:2050-7526
2050-7534
DOI:10.1039/c9tc02003a