Nanofibrillated cellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose composite with improved wet strength

In this paper, nanofibrillated cellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composite films were prepared using tape casting. The obtained transparent films showed shear induced partial alignment of fibrils along the casting direction, resulting in birefringence in cross polarized light. The carboxyl gro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cellulose (London) 2013-06, Vol.20 (3), p.1459-1468
Main Authors: Pahimanolis, Nikolaos, Salminen, Arto, Penttilä, Paavo A., Korhonen, Juuso T., Johansson, Leena-Sisko, Ruokolainen, Janne, Serimaa, Ritva, Seppälä, Jukka
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ammonium chloride
Bioorganic Chemistry
Birefringence
Carboxymethyl cellulose
Casting
Cellulose
Ceramics
Chemical composition
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Composites
Crosslinking
Glass
Mechanical properties
Morphology
Natural Materials
Organic Chemistry
Original Paper
Photoelectrons
Physical Chemistry
Polarized light
Polymer Sciences
Scanning electron microscopy
Sustainable Development
Tape casting
Wet strength
X-ray scattering
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Summary:In this paper, nanofibrillated cellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composite films were prepared using tape casting. The obtained transparent films showed shear induced partial alignment of fibrils along the casting direction, resulting in birefringence in cross polarized light. The carboxyl groups of CMC could be further utilized to create ionic crosslinking by treatment with glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTMA). The GTMA treated composite films had improved mechanical properties both in wet and dry state. The chemical composition and morphologies of composites were analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering.
ISSN:0969-0239
1572-882X
DOI:10.1007/s10570-013-9923-5