Dry, hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose powder obtained in a simple procedure using alkyl ketene dimer

In order to produce dry and hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) in a simple procedure, its modification with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) was performed. For this purpose, MFC was solvent-exchanged to ethyl acetate and mixed with AKD dissolved in the same solvent. Curing at 130 °C for 20 h under...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cellulose (London) 2016-04, Vol.23 (2), p.1189-1197
Main Authors: Yan, Yutao, Amer, Hassan, Rosenau, Thomas, Zollfrank, Cordt, Dörrstein, Jörg, Jobst, Cornelia, Zimmermann, Tanja, Keckes, Jozef, Veigel, Stefan, Gindl-Altmutter, Wolfgang, Li, Jianzhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioorganic Chemistry
Catalysis
catalytic activity
Cellulose
Ceramics
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Composites
Contact angle
Dimers
Ethyl acetate
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Fourier transforms
Glass
Hydrophobicity
Infrared analysis
Natural Materials
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Organic Chemistry
Original Paper
Physical Chemistry
Polymer Sciences
Scanning electron microscopy
Solvents
Sustainable Development
X ray analysis
X-radiation
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Summary:In order to produce dry and hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) in a simple procedure, its modification with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) was performed. For this purpose, MFC was solvent-exchanged to ethyl acetate and mixed with AKD dissolved in the same solvent. Curing at 130 °C for 20 h under the catalysis of 1-methylimidazole yielded a dry powder. Scanning electron microscopy of the powder indicated loss in nanofibrillar structure due to aggregation, but discrete microfibrillar structures were still present. Water contact angle measurements of films produced from modified and unmodified MFC showed high hydrophobicity after AKD treatment, which persisted even after extraction with THF for 8 h. The hydrophobized MFC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray analysis. In summary, strong indications for the presence of AKD on the surface of MFC before and after extraction with solvent were found, but only a very small amount of covalent β-ketoester linkages between the modification agent and cellulose was revealed.
ISSN:0969-0239
1572-882X
DOI:10.1007/s10570-016-0887-0